Python抓取網頁並儲存為PDF
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-02-08
1、開發環境搭建
(1)Python2.7.13的安裝:參考《廖雪峰老師的網站》
(2)Python包管理器pip的安裝:參考《pip安裝文件說明》
因為基於版本2.7.13,因為2.7.9以上已經自帶pip,所以不需要單獨安裝,但是需要我們更新。上面的說明文件有說明。
(3)Python下的PDF工具:PyPDF2;
安裝命令:
pip install PyPDF2
PyPDF2簡易示例:
from PyPDF2 import PdfFileMerger
merger = PdfFileMerger()
input1 = open("1.pdf", "rb")
input2 = open ("2.pdf", "rb")
merger.append(input1)
merger.append(input2)
# 寫入到輸出pdf文件中
output = open("hql_all.pdf", "wb")
merger.write(output)
(4)Python下的Microsoft Word 2007工具:
pip install python-docx
(5)依賴工具的安裝
requests、beautifulsoup 是爬蟲兩大神器,reuqests 用於網路請求,beautifusoup 用於操作 html 資料。有了這兩把梭子,幹起活來利索。scrapy 這樣的爬蟲框架我們就不用了,這樣的小程式派上它有點殺雞用牛刀的意思。此外,既然是把 html 檔案轉為 pdf,那麼也要有相應的庫支援, wkhtmltopdf 就是一個非常的工具,它可以用適用於多平臺的 html 到 pdf 的轉換,pdfkit 是 wkhtmltopdf 的Python封裝包。首先安裝好下面的依賴包
pip install requests
pip install beautifulsoup4
pip install pdfkit
(6)手動安裝wkhtmltopdf
Windows平臺直接在 http://wkhtmltopdf.org/downloads.html 下載穩定版的 wkhtmltopdf 進行安裝,安裝完成之後把該程式的執行路徑加入到系統環境 $PATH 變數中,否則 pdfkit 找不到 wkhtmltopdf 就出現錯誤 “No wkhtmltopdf executable found”。Ubuntu 和 CentOS 可以直接用命令列進行安裝
$ sudo apt-get install wkhtmltopdf # ubuntu
$ sudo yum intsall wkhtmltopdf # centos
2、原始碼
# coding=utf-8
import os
import re
import time
import logging
import pdfkit
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from PyPDF2 import PdfFileMerger
html_template = """
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
{content}
</body>
</html>
"""
def parse_url_to_html(url, name):
"""
解析URL,返回HTML內容
:param url:解析的url
:param name: 儲存的html檔名
:return: html
"""
try:
response = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')
# 正文
body = soup.find_all(class_="x-wiki-content")[0]
# 標題
title = soup.find('h4').get_text()
# 標題加入到正文的最前面,居中顯示
center_tag = soup.new_tag("center")
title_tag = soup.new_tag('h1')
title_tag.string = title
center_tag.insert(1, title_tag)
body.insert(1, center_tag)
html = str(body)
# body中的img標籤的src相對路徑的改成絕對路徑
pattern = "(<img .*?src=\")(.*?)(\")"
def func(m):
if not m.group(3).startswith("http"):
rtn = m.group(1) + "http://www.liaoxuefeng.com" + m.group(2) + m.group(3)
return rtn
else:
return m.group(1)+m.group(2)+m.group(3)
html = re.compile(pattern).sub(func, html)
html = html_template.format(content=html)
html = html.encode("utf-8")
with open(name, 'wb') as f:
f.write(html)
return name
except Exception as e:
logging.error("解析錯誤", exc_info=True)
def get_url_list():
"""
獲取所有URL目錄列表
:return:
"""
response = requests.get("http://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0014316089557264a6b348958f449949df42a6d3a2e542c000")
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, "html.parser")
menu_tag = soup.find_all(class_="uk-nav uk-nav-side")[1]
urls = []
for li in menu_tag.find_all("li"):
url = "http://www.liaoxuefeng.com" + li.a.get('href')
urls.append(url)
return urls
def save_pdf(htmls, file_name):
"""
把所有html檔案儲存到pdf檔案
:param htmls: html檔案列表
:param file_name: pdf檔名
:return:
"""
options = {
'page-size': 'Letter',
'margin-top': '0.75in',
'margin-right': '0.75in',
'margin-bottom': '0.75in',
'margin-left': '0.75in',
'encoding': "UTF-8",
'custom-header': [
('Accept-Encoding', 'gzip')
],
'cookie': [
('cookie-name1', 'cookie-value1'),
('cookie-name2', 'cookie-value2'),
],
'outline-depth': 10,
}
pdfkit.from_file(htmls, file_name, options=options)
def main():
start = time.time()
file_name = u"liaoxuefeng_Python3_tutorial"
urls = get_url_list()
for index, url in enumerate(urls):
parse_url_to_html(url, str(index) + ".html")
htmls =[]
pdfs =[]
for i in range(0,124):
htmls.append(str(i)+'.html')
pdfs.append(file_name+str(i)+'.pdf')
save_pdf(str(i)+'.html', file_name+str(i)+'.pdf')
print u"轉換完成第"+str(i)+'個html'
merger = PdfFileMerger()
for pdf in pdfs:
merger.append(open(pdf,'rb'))
print u"合併完成第"+str(i)+'個pdf'+pdf
output = open(u"廖雪峰Python_all.pdf", "wb")
merger.write(output)
print u"輸出PDF成功!"
for html in htmls:
os.remove(html)
print u"刪除臨時檔案"+html
for pdf in pdfs:
os.remove(pdf)
print u"刪除臨時檔案"+pdf
total_time = time.time() - start
print(u"總共耗時:%f 秒" % total_time)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()