由於SYSTEM 資料檔案丟失，啟動資料庫時會報如下無法標識或找不到資料檔案1的錯誤：

03:47:02 [email protected]*SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area          413372416 bytes
Fixed Size                          2213896 bytes
Variable Size                     381683704 bytes
Database Buffers                   20971520 bytes
Redo Buffers                        8503296 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: '+DATA/racdb/datafile/system.256.858651361'

需要從備庫拷貝system資料檔案過來，但從常規的檔案系統中拷貝到ASM磁碟組中有一定的命名規則，隨便拷貝會報如下錯誤：

ASMCMD [+DATA/racdb/datafile] > cp /home/grid/tmp/SYSTEM.258.910919287 ./SYSTEM.256.858651361

copying /home/grid/tmp/SYSTEM.258.910919287 -> +DATA/racdb/datafile/./SYSTEM.256.858651361
ASMCMD-08016: copy source->'/home/grid/tmp/SYSTEM.258.910919287' and target->'+DATA/racdb/datafile/./SYSTEM.256.858651361' failed
ORA-19505: failed to identify file "+DATA/racdb/datafile/./SYSTEM.256.858651361"
ORA-17502: ksfdcre:4 Failed to create file +DATA/racdb/datafile/./SYSTEM.256.858651361
ORA-15046: ASM file name '+DATA/racdb/datafile/./SYSTEM.256.858651361' is not in single-file creation form
ORA-15122: ASM file name '+DATA/racdb/datafile/./SYSTEM.256.858651361' contains an invalid file number
ORA-06512: at "SYS.X$DBMS_DISKGROUP", line 397
ORA-06512: at line 3 (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)

所以，不能隨便複製OMF格式的檔名，用常規的檔名複製方式即可，如下：

ASMCMD [+DATA/racdb/datafile] > cp /home/grid/tmp/SYSTEM.dbf  ./
copying /home/grid/tmp/SYSTEM.dbf -> +DATA/racdb/datafile/SYSTEM.dbf

ASMCMD [+DATA/racdb/datafile] > ls -ls 
Type      Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Block_Size  Blocks      Bytes      Space  Name
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUL 21 03:00:00  Y          8192   12801  104865792  106954752  EXAMPLE.264.858651503
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUL 21 03:00:00  Y          8192   87041  713039872  715128832  SYSAUX.257.858651361
                                            N                                              SYSTEM.dbf => +DATA/ASM/DATAFILE/SYSTEM.dbf.256.917754869

DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUL 21 03:00:00  Y          8192   12033   98574336  100663296  TEST_TBS.275.910289303
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUL 21 03:00:00  Y          8192   14081  115351552  117440512  UNDOTBS1.258.858651363
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUL 21 03:00:00  Y          8192    3201   26222592   27262976  UNDOTBS2.265.858651785
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUL 21 03:00:00  Y          8192     641    5251072    6291456  USERS.259.858651363

但是，還必須使用 alter database rename file '+DATA/racdb/datafile/system.256.858651361' to '+DATA/racdb/datafile/SYSTEM.dbf'; 命令重新命名system資料檔案，

但由於+DATA/racdb/datafile/system.256.858651361 這個資料檔案已經丟失，不存在這個資料檔案，所以無法執行以上重新命名檔案命令，會報如下錯誤：

03:56:12 [email protected]*SQL> alter database rename file '+DATA/racdb/datafile/system.256.858651361' to 'DATA/racdb/datafile/SYSTEM.dbf';
alter database rename file '+DATA/racdb/datafile/system.256.858651361' to 'DATA/racdb/datafile/SYSTEM.dbf'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01511: error in renaming log/data files
ORA-01141: error renaming data file 1 - new file 'DATA/racdb/datafile/SYSTEM.dbf' not found
ORA-01110: data file 1: '+DATA/racdb/datafile/system.256.858651361'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

可以通過如下方法解決：

RMAN> run {
2> set newname for datafile 1 to '+DATA/racdb/datafile/SYSTEM.dbf';
3> switch datafile 1;
4> }


executing command: SET NEWNAME


RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of switch command at 07/21/2016 04:04:30
RMAN-20230: datafile copy not found in the repository
RMAN-06015: error while looking up datafile copy name: +DATA/racdb/datafile/system.dbf

RMAN> catalog start with '+DATA/racdb/datafile';   ##這個必須要執行，否則執行 switch datafile 1;會報如上錯誤。

searching for all files that match the pattern +DATA/racdb/datafile


List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: +data/racdb/DATAFILE/SYSTEM.dbf


Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? YES
cataloging files...
cataloging done


List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: +data/racdb/DATAFILE/SYSTEM.dbf

然後再執行以上的rman命令更新控制檔案中system資料檔案的新位置即可，如下：

RMAN> run {
2> set newname for datafile 1 to '+DATA/racdb/datafile/SYSTEM.dbf';
3> switch datafile 1;
4> }


executing command: SET NEWNAME


datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=917755520 file name=+DATA/racdb/datafile/system.dbf


RMAN> 

04:07:02 [email protected]*SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 1: '+DATA/racdb/datafile/system.dbf'    ##已經提示新的system.dbf檔案需要恢復了，執行如下恢復即可：

04:07:07 [email protected]*SQL> recover datafile 1;
Media recovery complete.
04:07:15 [email protected]*SQL> alter database open;


Database altered.

OK，主庫system資料檔案丟失，恢復完成。