1. 程式人生 > >Java資料介面編寫簡單例子,Java Json解析,服務端介面輸出Json資料,客戶端通過HTTP獲取介面Json資料

Java資料介面編寫簡單例子,Java Json解析,服務端介面輸出Json資料,客戶端通過HTTP獲取介面Json資料

實現效果


實現原因

目前主流的CS結構,資料都是通過RESTful風格介面形式呈現,不管是桌面級應用程式還是手機端,介面是我們獲取資料的大多數選擇,主流資料介面呈現形式主要是Json和Xml,後者目前基本漸行漸遠。Json的輕量級和可讀型成為了大多數公司及個人開發者的第一選擇。 主流公司在編寫資料介面時大多通過框架實現,如RESTEasy、Retrofit等,在這裡通過簡單的java web程式碼寫一個簡單的介面專案例子供大家參考,後附專案原始碼。

實現步驟

在Eclipse中新建專案JsonTest專案,專案結構如下,

此處主要用到的類只有幾個,其他類為Json測試用類,此處可以忽略。

在lib下匯入或在maven中引用gson-2.6.2.jar包和servlet-api.jar包。

gson此處用於將持久化物件解析為Json,或將Json序列化為物件。

servlet-api用於servlet相關類建立及API運用。


關於gson,是Google開源專案下的一個Java Json解析工具包,具體使用及詳細資訊可以看這篇文章:Gson簡要使用


步驟一:新建測試用Model類

新建新聞測試類News,主要用於資料模型測試顯示,Json轉換測試等,程式碼如下:
import java.util.Date;

public class News {

	private int nId; // 新聞ID
	private String title; // 新聞標題
	private String content; // 新聞內容
	private String date; // 新聞釋出日期
	private String url; //新聞地址
	private Date nDate; // 新聞日期,Date型別

	public News(int nId, String title, String content, String date, String url) {
		this.nId = nId;
		this.title = title;
		this.content = content;
		this.date = date;
		this.url = url;
	}

	public News() {
	}

	public News(int nId, String title, String content, Date nDate, String url) {
		this.nId = nId;
		this.title = title;
		this.content = content;
		this.nDate = nDate;
		this.url = url;
	}

	
	
	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}

	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}

	public Date getnDate() {
		return nDate;
	}

	public void setnDate(Date nDate) {
		this.nDate = nDate;
	}

	public int getnId() {
		return nId;
	}

	public void setnId(int nId) {
		this.nId = nId;
	}

	public String getTitle() {
		return title;
	}

	public void setTitle(String title) {
		this.title = title;
	}

	public String getContent() {
		return content;
	}

	public void setContent(String content) {
		this.content = content;
	}

	public String getDate() {
		return date;
	}

	public void setDate(String date) {
		this.date = date;
	}

}
新建分頁測試類NewTotal,主要用於Json分頁顯示,程式碼如下:
import java.util.List;

public class NewTotal {
	private int total; //新聞數量
	private List<News> rows; //新聞列表
	
	
	public NewTotal() {
	}
	public NewTotal(int total, List<News> rows) {
		this.total = total;
		this.rows = rows;
	}
	public int getTotal() {
		return total;
	}
	public void setTotal(int total) {
		this.total = total;
	}
	public List<News> getRows() {
		return rows;
	}
	public void setRows(List<News> rows) {
		this.rows = rows;
	}
	
	
}

步驟二:新增測試用Action和JSP介面

新建JsonServlet,繼承自HttpServlet,具體程式碼詳解已經在程式碼中註釋:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.test.model.NewTotal;
import com.test.model.News;

public class JsonServlet extends HttpServlet {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// 建立多個新聞類,模擬從資料庫獲取資料,可將此處改為用JDBC從資料庫讀取資料
		News new1 = new News(110, "日本地震", "日本福田發生了7級地震", "2016-5-16 10:22:20",
				"http://world.huanqiu.com/exclusive/2016-05/8974294.html");
		News new2 = new News(111, "Apple庫克第八次訪華", "近日庫克第八次訪華,與滴滴高層會談", "2016-5-16 10:22:20",
				"http://mobile.163.com/16/0523/09/BNO7SG2B001168BQ.html");
		News new3 = new News(113, "Google I/O大會開幕", "Google開發者大會即將舉辦,是否推出Android7.0?", "2016-5-16 10:22:20",
				"http://www.ithome.com/html/android/227647.htm");
		News new4 = new News(114, "格力營收下滑400億", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20",
				"http://news.mydrivers.com/1/484/484072.htm");
		News new5 = new News(115, "格力營收下滑400億", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
		News new6 = new News(116, "格力營收下滑400億", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
		News new7 = new News(117, "格力營收下滑400億", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
		News new8 = new News(118, "格力營收下滑400億", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
		News new9 = new News(119, "格力營收下滑400億", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
		News new10 = new News(120, "格力營收下滑400億", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
		News new11 = new News(121, "獲取新資料!!!!!!", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
		News new12 = new News(122, "獲取新資料!!!!!!", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
		News new13 = new News(123, "獲取新資料!!!!!!", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
		News new14 = new News(124, "獲取新資料!!!!!!", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
		News new15 = new News(125, "格力營收下滑400億", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
		News new16 = new News(126, "格力營收下滑400億", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
		News new17 = new News(127, "格力營收下滑400億", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
		News new18 = new News(128, "格力營收下滑400億", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
		News new19 = new News(129, "格力營收下滑400億", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
		News new20 = new News(130, "格力營收下滑400億", "格里營收下滑400億,董明珠說我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");

		String page = req.getParameter("page");
		// 將資料新增到陣列
		List<News> newslist = new ArrayList<News>();
		if (page == null || page.equals("0")) {
			newslist.add(new1);
			newslist.add(new2);
			newslist.add(new3);
			newslist.add(new4);
			newslist.add(new5);
			newslist.add(new6);
			newslist.add(new7);
			newslist.add(new8);
			newslist.add(new9);
			newslist.add(new10);
		}
		else {
			newslist.add(new11);
			newslist.add(new12);
			newslist.add(new13);
			newslist.add(new14);
			newslist.add(new15);
			newslist.add(new16);
			newslist.add(new17);
			newslist.add(new18);
			newslist.add(new19);
			newslist.add(new20);
		}

		// 將資料封裝到新聞總計類
		NewTotal nt = new NewTotal(newslist.size(), newslist);

		// 呼叫GSON jar工具包封裝好的toJson方法,可直接生成JSON字串
		Gson gson = new Gson();
		String json = gson.toJson(nt);

		// 輸出到介面
		System.out.println(json);
		resp.setContentType("text/plain");
		resp.setCharacterEncoding("gb2312");
		PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(resp.getOutputStream());
		out.print(json);
		out.flush();
		// 更多Json轉換使用請看JsonTest類
	}

	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		this.doGet(req, resp);
	}

}

修改專案index.jsp頁面如下:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>Test Json</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8>
	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
	<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
	<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
	<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->
  </head>
  
  <body>
     <form action="getJson" method="get">
     	<input type="submit" value="點選獲取新聞JSON資料"/>
     </form>
  </body>
</html>

在專案中配置web.xml,註冊JsonServlet對映,配置如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>JsonTest</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>JsonServlet</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>com.test.json.JsonServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>JsonServlet</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/getJson</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

步驟三:新增專案到Tomcat容器,執行伺服器

執行伺服器,在位址列輸入地址:http://localhost:8080/JsonTest/getJson?page=0,效果如圖:

其他關於JSON解析的也可以看我釋出的原始碼中的JsonTest類,獲取原始碼:JavaJson解析

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