1. 程式人生 > >【初識Spring】物件(Bean)例項化及屬性注入(xml方式)

【初識Spring】物件(Bean)例項化及屬性注入(xml方式)

初識Spring之Bean例項化及屬性注入

1.通過xml配置的方式進行例項化。
- 配置檔案中bean標籤的常用屬性
- 通過無參構造(常用)
- 使用靜態工廠進行建立
- 使用例項工廠進行建立

2.屬性注入。
- 使用有引數構造方法注入屬性
- 使用set方法注入屬性(常用)
- 注入物件型別屬性
- 注入複雜型別屬性

xml配置的方式進行例項化

  • 配置檔案中bean標籤的屬性

(1)id屬性:起名稱,id屬性值名稱任意命名
- id屬性值,不能包含特殊符號
- 根據id值得到配置物件

(2)class屬性:建立物件所在類的全路徑

(3)name屬性:功能和id屬性一樣的,id屬性值不能包含特殊符號,但是在name屬性值裡面可以包含特殊符號

(4)scope屬性
- singleton:預設值,單例
- prototype:多例

  • 無參構造例項化物件
//phone類:
package com.test.vo;
public class Phone {
    public void printTest() {
        System.out.print("Phone.......");
    }
}
<!--applicationContext.xml配置檔案-->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--引入約束-->
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="phone" class="com.test.vo.Phone"></bean>
</beans>
//測試類
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //載入配置檔案,建立物件
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        //得到配置建立的物件
        Phone Phone = (Phone) context.getBean("phone");
        //呼叫物件方法
        Phone.printTest();
    }
}

注:java類中預設有無參構造方法,若類中已聲明瞭有參構造,則需手動宣告無參構造方法。

  • 使用靜態工廠進行建立
//靜態工廠類
package com.test.utils;
import com.test.vo.Phone;

public class BeanFactory {
    //靜態方法,返回Phone物件
    public static Phone getPhone() {
        return new Phone();
    }

}
//建立的物件為Phone類物件不變
//配置檔案改為:
<!--applicationContext.xml配置檔案-->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--引入約束-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        <!--class為靜態工廠的路徑,factory-method為工廠的方法-->
   <bean id="phoneFa" class="com.test.utils.BeanFactory" factory-method="getPhone"></bean>
    </beans>
//測試類
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Phone Phone = (Phone) context.getBean("phoneFa");
        Phone.printTest();
    }
}
  • 使用例項工廠進行建立
//實列工廠類:
import com.test.vo.Phone;

public class BeanUFactory {
    //普通方法,返回Phone物件
    public Phone getPhone() {
        return new Phone();
    }
}
    配置檔案修改:
    <!-- 1.先建立工廠物件 -->
    <!-- 2.再建立Phone物件 -->
    <bean id="BeanUFactory" class="com.test.utils.BeanUFactory"></bean>
    <bean id="phoneUFa" factory-bean="BeanUFactory" factory-method="getPhone"></bean>
//測試類:
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Phone Phone = (Phone) context.getBean("phoneUFa");
        Phone.printTest();
    }
}

屬性注入

  • 使用有引數構造方法注入屬性:

Phone類改寫為:

public class Phone {
    private String name;
    //顯示宣告無參構造
    public Phone() {}
    //有參構造
    public Phone(String name) {
        this.name=name;
    }
    public void printTest() {
        System.out.print(name+"Phone.......");
    }
}

applicationContext.xml配置檔案修改為:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--引入約束-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        <!--class為靜態工廠的路徑,factory-method為工廠的方法-->
   <bean id="phoneFa" class="com.test.utils.BeanFactory" factory-method="getPhone">
   <!--name為構造方法的引數名,value為要將其設定的值-->
   <constructor-arg name="name" value="諾基亞"></constructor-arg>
   </bean>
    </beans>

測試類:

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Phone Phone = (Phone) context.getBean("phoneFa");
        Phone.printTest();
    }
}

結果:

諾基亞Phone.......
  • 使用set方法注入屬性:

Phone類改寫為:

public class Phone {
    private String name;
    //set方法
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public void printTest() {
        System.out.print(name+"Phone.......");
    }
}

applicationContext.xml配置檔案修改為:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--引入約束-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        <!--class為靜態工廠的路徑,factory-method為工廠的方法-->
   <bean id="phoneFa" class="com.test.utils.BeanFactory" factory-method="getPhone">
   <!--name為要注入的屬性的名稱,value為要將其設定的值-->
   <property name="name" value="三星"></property>
   </bean>
    </beans>

結果:

三星Phone.......
  • 注入物件型別屬性

新建Person類:

public class Person {
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private String age;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }   
}

Phone類修改為:

package com.test.vo;

public class Phone {
    private String name;
    private Person person;

    //set方法
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setPerson(Person person) {
        this.person = person;
    }

    public void printTest() {
        System.out.print(person.getName()+"::"+person.getAge()+"::"+person.getSex());
    }
}

配置檔案作如下修改:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="person" class="com.test.vo.Person" scope="prototype">
        <property name="name" value="小王"></property>
        <property name="sex" value="man"></property>
        <property name="age" value="11"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="phone" class="com.test.vo.Phone">
        <!-- 因注入的是物件寫ref屬性 -->
        <property name="person" ref="person"></property>
    </bean>
    </beans>

測試方法不變,結果為:

小王::11::man
  • 注入複雜型別屬性

Phone類修改為:

package com.test.vo;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class Phone {
    private String arr[];
    private List<Integer> list;
    private Map<String,String> map; 

    //set方法
    public void setArr(String[] arr) {
        this.arr = arr;
    }

    public void setList(List<Integer> list) {
        this.list = list;
    }

    public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) {
        this.map = map;
    }
    public void printTest() {
        System.out.println("arr:"+Arrays.toString(arr));
        System.out.println("list:"+list);
        System.out.println("map:"+map);
    }
}

配置檔案作如下修改:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="phone" class="com.test.vo.Phone">
        <!-- 陣列 -->
        <property name="arr">
            <list>
                <value>小米</value>
                <value>中興</value>
                <value>華為</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <!-- list集合 -->
        <property name="list">
            <list>
                <value>1</value>
                <value>2</value>
                <value>3</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <!-- map集合 -->
        <property name="map">
            <map>
                <entry key="aa" value="lucy"></entry>
                <entry key="bb" value="bob"></entry>
                <entry key="cc" value="jerry"></entry>
            </map>
        </property>
    </bean>
    </beans>

結果如下:

arr:[小米, 中興, 華為]
list:[1, 2, 3]
map:{aa=lucy, bb=bob, cc=jerry}