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PHP和Redis實現在高並發下的搶購及秒殺功能示例詳解

出現 comm 不同 高並發 日誌 sql 推薦 結果 update

搶購、秒殺是平常很常見的場景,面試的時候面試官也經常會問到,比如問你淘寶中的搶購秒殺是怎麽實現的等等。

搶購、秒殺實現很簡單,但是有些問題需要解決,主要針對兩個問題:

一、高並發對數據庫產生的壓力
二、競爭狀態下如何解決庫存的正確減少("超賣"問題)

第一個問題,對於PHP來說很簡單,用緩存技術就可以緩解數據庫壓力,比如memcache,redis等緩存技術。
第二個問題就比較復雜點:

常規寫法:
查詢出對應商品的庫存,看是否大於0,然後執行生成訂單等操作,但是在判斷庫存是否大於0處,如果在高並發下就會有問題,導致庫存量出現負數。

<?php
$conn  =mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456");
if(!$conn){ echo "connect failed"; exit; } mysql_select_db("big",$conn); mysql_query("set names utf8"); $price = 10; $user_id = 1; $goods_id = 1; $sku_id = 11; $number = 1; //生成唯一訂單 function build_order_no(){ return date(‘ymd‘).substr(implode(NULL, array_map(‘ord‘, str_split
(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8); } //記錄日誌 function insertLog($event,$type=0){ global $conn; $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type) values(‘$event‘,‘$type‘)"; mysql_query($sql,$conn); } //模擬下單操作 //庫存是否大於0 $sq l= "select number from ih_store where goods_id=‘$goods_id‘ and sku_id=‘$sku_id
‘"; //解鎖 此時ih_store數據中goods_id=‘$goods_id‘ and sku_id=‘$sku_id‘ 的數據被鎖住(註3),其它事務必須等待此次事務 提交後才能執行 $rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn); $row = mysql_fetch_assoc($rs); if($row[‘number‘]>0){//高並發下會導致超賣 $order_sn = build_order_no(); //生成訂單 $sql = "insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) values(‘$order_sn‘,‘$user_id‘,‘$goods_id‘,‘$sku_id‘,‘$price‘)"; $order_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn); //庫存減少 $sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id=‘$sku_id‘"; $store_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn); if(mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog(‘庫存減少成功‘); }else{ insertLog(‘庫存減少失敗‘); } }else{ insertLog(‘庫存不夠‘); }

出現這種情況怎麽辦呢?來看幾種優化方法:

優化方案1:將庫存字段number字段設為unsigned,當庫存為0時,因為字段不能為負數,將會返回false

//庫存減少
$sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id=‘$sku_id‘ and number>0";
$store_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
if(mysql_affected_rows()){
   insertLog(‘庫存減少成功‘);
}

優化方案2:使用MySQL的事務,鎖住操作的行

<?php
$conn = mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456");
if(!$conn){
    echo "connect failed";
    exit;
}
mysql_select_db("big",$conn);
mysql_query("set names utf8");
  
$price = 10;
$user_id = 1;
$goods_id = 1;
$sku_id = 11;
$number = 1;
  
//生成唯一訂單號
function build_order_no(){
  return date(‘ymd‘).substr(implode(NULL, array_map(‘ord‘, str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//記錄日誌
function insertLog($event,$type=0){
    global $conn;
    $sql = "insert into ih_log(event,type)
    values(‘$event‘,‘$type‘)";
    mysql_query($sql,$conn);
}
  
//模擬下單操作
//庫存是否大於0
mysql_query("BEGIN");   //開始事務
$sql = "select number from ih_store where goods_id=‘$goods_id‘ and sku_id=‘$sku_id‘ FOR UPDATE";//此時這條記錄被鎖住,其它事務必須等待此次事務提交後才能執行
$rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
$row = mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);
if($row[‘number‘]>0){
    //生成訂單
    $order_sn = build_order_no();
    $sql = "insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
    values(‘$order_sn‘,‘$user_id‘,‘$goods_id‘,‘$sku_id‘,‘$price‘)";
    $order_rs  =mysql_query($sql,$conn);
      
    //庫存減少
    $sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id=‘$sku_id‘";
    $store_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
    if(mysql_affected_rows()){
        insertLog(‘庫存減少成功‘);
        mysql_query("COMMIT");//事務提交即解鎖
    }else{
        insertLog(‘庫存減少失敗‘);
    }
}else{
    insertLog(‘庫存不夠‘);
    mysql_query("ROLLBACK");
}

優化方案3:使用非阻塞的文件排他鎖

<?php
$conn = mysql_connect("localhost","root","123456");
if(!$conn){
    echo "connect failed";
    exit;
}
mysql_select_db("big-bak",$conn);
mysql_query("set names utf8");
  
$price = 10;
$user_id = 1;
$goods_id = 1;
$sku_id = 11;
$number = 1;
  
//生成唯一訂單號
function build_order_no(){
  return date(‘ymd‘).substr(implode(NULL, array_map(‘ord‘, str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//記錄日誌
function insertLog($event,$type=0){
    global $conn;
    $sql = "insert into ih_log(event,type)
    values(‘$event‘,‘$type‘)";
    mysql_query($sql,$conn);
}
  
$fp = fopen("lock.txt", "w+");
if(!flock($fp,LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)){
    echo "系統繁忙,請稍後再試";
    return;
}
//下單
$sql = "select number from ih_store where goods_id=‘$goods_id‘ and sku_id=‘$sku_id‘";
$rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
$row = mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);
if($row[‘number‘]>0){//庫存是否大於0
    //模擬下單操作
    $order_sn = build_order_no();
    $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
    values(‘$order_sn‘,‘$user_id‘,‘$goods_id‘,‘$sku_id‘,‘$price‘)";
    $order_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
      
    //庫存減少
    $sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id=‘$sku_id‘";
    $store_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
    if(mysql_affected_rows()){
        insertLog(‘庫存減少成功‘);
        flock($fp,LOCK_UN);//釋放鎖
    } else {
        insertLog(‘庫存減少失敗‘);
    }
} else {
    insertLog(‘庫存不夠‘);
}
fclose($fp);

優化方案4:使用redis隊列,因為pop操作是原子的,即使有很多用戶同時到達,也是依次執行,推薦使用(mysql事務在高並發下性能下降很厲害,文件鎖的方式也是)
先將商品庫存如隊列

<?php
$store = 1000;
$redis = new Redis();
$result = $redis->connect(‘127.0.0.1‘,6379);
$res = $redis->llen(‘goods_store‘);
echo $res;
$count = $store-$res;
for($i=0;$i<$count;$i++){
    $redis->lpush(‘goods_store‘,1);
}
echo $redis->llen(‘goods_store‘);

搶購、描述邏輯

<?php
$conn = mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456");
if(!$conn){
    echo "connect failed";
    exit;
}
mysql_select_db("big",$conn);
mysql_query("set names utf8");
  
$price = 10;
$user_id = 1;
$goods_id = 1;
$sku_id = 11;
$number = 1;
  
//生成唯一訂單號
function build_order_no(){
  return date(‘ymd‘).substr(implode(NULL, array_map(‘ord‘, str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//記錄日誌
function insertLog($event,$type=0){
    global $conn;
    $sql = "insert into ih_log(event,type)
    values(‘$event‘,‘$type‘)";
    mysql_query($sql,$conn);
}
  
//模擬下單操作
//下單前判斷redis隊列庫存量
$redis = new Redis();
$result = $redis->connect(‘127.0.0.1‘,6379);
$count = $redis->lpop(‘goods_store‘);
if(!$count){
    insertLog(‘error:no store redis‘);
    return;
}
  
//生成訂單
$order_sn = build_order_no();
$sql = "insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
values(‘$order_sn‘,‘$user_id‘,‘$goods_id‘,‘$sku_id‘,‘$price‘)";
$order_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
  
//庫存減少
$sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id=‘$sku_id‘";
$store_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
if(mysql_affected_rows()){
    insertLog(‘庫存減少成功‘);
}else{
    insertLog(‘庫存減少失敗‘);
}

上述只是簡單模擬高並發下的搶購,真實場景要比這復雜很多,很多註意的地方,如搶購頁面做成靜態的,通過ajax調用接口。

再如上面的會導致一個用戶搶多個,思路:
需要一個排隊隊列和搶購結果隊列及庫存隊列。高並發情況,先將用戶進入排隊隊列,用一個線程循環處理從排隊隊列取出一個用戶,判斷用戶是否已在搶購結果隊列,如果在,則已搶購,否則未搶購,庫存減1,寫數據庫,將用戶入結果隊列。
我之間做商城項目的時候,在秒殺這一塊我直接用的redis,這段時間看了看上面的幾種方法,雖然各有不同,但是實現目的都一樣的,各位自己選擇,開心就好。

搶購、秒殺是平常很常見的場景,面試的時候面試官也經常會問到,比如問你淘寶中的搶購秒殺是怎麽實現的等等。

搶購、秒殺實現很簡單,但是有些問題需要解決,主要針對兩個問題:

一、高並發對數據庫產生的壓力

二、競爭狀態下如何解決庫存的正確減少("超賣"問題)

第一個問題,對於PHP來說很簡單,用緩存技術就可以緩解數據庫壓力,比如memcache,redis等緩存技術。

第二個問題就比較復雜點:

常規寫法:

查詢出對應商品的庫存,看是否大於0,然後執行生成訂單等操作,但是在判斷庫存是否大於0處,如果在高並發下就會有問題,導致庫存量出現負數。

<?php
$conn = mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456");
if(!$conn){
    echo "connect failed";
    exit;
}
mysql_select_db("big",$conn);
mysql_query("set names utf8");
  
$price = 10;
$user_id = 1;
$goods_id = 1;
$sku_id = 11;
$number = 1;
  
//生成唯一訂單
function build_order_no(){
  return date(‘ymd‘).substr(implode(NULL, array_map(‘ord‘, str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//記錄日誌
function insertLog($event,$type=0){
    global $conn;
    $sql = "insert into ih_log(event,type)
    values(‘$event‘,‘$type‘)";
    mysql_query($sql,$conn);
}
  
//模擬下單操作
//庫存是否大於0
$sql = "select number from ih_store where goods_id=‘$goods_id‘ and sku_id=‘$sku_id‘";
//解鎖 此時ih_store數據中goods_id=‘$goods_id‘ and sku_id=‘$sku_id‘ 的數據被鎖住(註3),其它事務必須等待此次事務 提交後才能執行
$rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
$row = mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);
if($row[‘number‘]>0){//高並發下會導致超賣
    $order_sn = build_order_no();
    //生成訂單
    $sql = "insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
    values(‘$order_sn‘,‘$user_id‘,‘$goods_id‘,‘$sku_id‘,‘$price‘)";
    $order_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
      
    //庫存減少
    $sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id=‘$sku_id‘";
    $store_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
    if(mysql_affected_rows()){
        insertLog(‘庫存減少成功‘);
    }else{
        insertLog(‘庫存減少失敗‘);
    }
}else{
    insertLog(‘庫存不夠‘);
}

出現這種情況怎麽辦呢?來看幾種優化方法:

優化方案1:將庫存字段number字段設為unsigned,當庫存為0時,因為字段不能為負數,將會返回false

//庫存減少
$sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id=‘$sku_id‘ and number>0";
$store_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
if(mysql_affected_rows()){
  insertLog(‘庫存減少成功‘);
}

優化方案2:使用MySQL的事務,鎖住操作的行

<?php
$conn = mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456");
if(!$conn){
    echo "connect failed";
    exit;
}
mysql_select_db("big",$conn);
mysql_query("set names utf8");
  
$price = 10;
$user_id = 1;
$goods_id = 1;
$sku_id = 11;
$number = 1;
  
//生成唯一訂單號
function build_order_no(){
  return date(‘ymd‘).substr(implode(NULL, array_map(‘ord‘, str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//記錄日誌
function insertLog($event,$type=0){
    global $conn;
    $sql = "insert into ih_log(event,type)
    values(‘$event‘,‘$type‘)";
    mysql_query($sql,$conn);
}
  
//模擬下單操作
//庫存是否大於0
mysql_query("BEGIN");   //開始事務
$sql = "select number from ih_store where goods_id=‘$goods_id‘ and sku_id=‘$sku_id‘ FOR UPDATE";//此時這條記錄被鎖住,其它事務必須等待此次事務提交後才能執行
$rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
$row = mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);
if($row[‘number‘]>0){
    //生成訂單
    $order_sn =  build_order_no();
    $sql = "insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
    values(‘$order_sn‘,‘$user_id‘,‘$goods_id‘,‘$sku_id‘,‘$price‘)";
    $order_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
      
    //庫存減少
    $sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id=‘$sku_id‘";
    $store_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
    if(mysql_affected_rows()){
        insertLog(‘庫存減少成功‘);
        mysql_query("COMMIT");//事務提交即解鎖
    }else{
        insertLog(‘庫存減少失敗‘);
    }
}else{
    insertLog(‘庫存不夠‘);
    mysql_query("ROLLBACK");
}

優化方案3:使用非阻塞的文件排他鎖

<?php
$conn = mysql_connect("localhost","root","123456");
if(!$conn){
    echo "connect failed";
    exit;
}
mysql_select_db("big-bak",$conn);
mysql_query("set names utf8");
  
$price = 10;
$user_id = 1;
$goods_id = 1;
$sku_id = 11;
$number = 1;
  
//生成唯一訂單號
function build_order_no(){
  return date(‘ymd‘).substr(implode(NULL, array_map(‘ord‘, str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//記錄日誌
function insertLog($event,$type=0){
    global $conn;
    $sql = "insert into ih_log(event,type)
    values(‘$event‘,‘$type‘)";
    mysql_query($sql,$conn);
}
  
$fp = fopen("lock.txt", "w+");
if(!flock($fp,LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)){
    echo "系統繁忙,請稍後再試";
    return;
}
//下單
$sql = "select number from ih_store where goods_id=‘$goods_id‘ and sku_id=‘$sku_id‘";
$rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
$row = mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);
if($row[‘number‘]>0){//庫存是否大於0
    //模擬下單操作
    $order_sn = build_order_no();
    $sql = "insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
    values(‘$order_sn‘,‘$user_id‘,‘$goods_id‘,‘$sku_id‘,‘$price‘)";
    $order_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
      
    //庫存減少
    $sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id=‘$sku_id‘";
    $store_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
    if(mysql_affected_rows()){
        insertLog(‘庫存減少成功‘);
        flock($fp,LOCK_UN);//釋放鎖
    }else{
        insertLog(‘庫存減少失敗‘);
    }
}else{
    insertLog(‘庫存不夠‘);
}
fclose($fp);

優化方案4:使用redis隊列,因為pop操作是原子的,即使有很多用戶同時到達,也是依次執行,推薦使用(mysql事務在高並發下性能下降很厲害,文件鎖的方式也是)

先將商品庫存如隊列

?php
$store = 1000;
$redis = new Redis();
$result = $redis->connect(‘127.0.0.1‘,6379);
$res = $redis->llen(‘goods_store‘);
echo $res;
$count = $store-$res;
for($i=0;$i<$count;$i++){
    $redis->lpush(‘goods_store‘,1);
}
echo $redis->llen(‘goods_store‘);

搶購、描述邏輯

<?php
$conn = mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456");
if(!$conn){
    echo "connect failed";
    exit;
}
mysql_select_db("big",$conn);
mysql_query("set names utf8");
  
$price = 10;
$user_id = 1;
$goods_id = 1;
$sku_id = 11;
$number = 1;
  
//生成唯一訂單號
function build_order_no(){
  return date(‘ymd‘).substr(implode(NULL, array_map(‘ord‘, str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//記錄日誌
function insertLog($event,$type=0){
    global $conn;
    $sql = "insert into ih_log(event,type)
    values(‘$event‘,‘$type‘)";
    mysql_query($sql,$conn);
}
  
//模擬下單操作
//下單前判斷redis隊列庫存量
$redis = new Redis();
$result = $redis->connect(‘127.0.0.1‘,6379);
$count = $redis->lpop(‘goods_store‘);
if(!$count){
    insertLog(‘error:no store redis‘);
    return;
}
  
//生成訂單
$order_sn = build_order_no();
$sql = "insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
values(‘$order_sn‘,‘$user_id‘,‘$goods_id‘,‘$sku_id‘,‘$price‘)";
$order_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
  
//庫存減少
$sql = "update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id=‘$sku_id‘";
$store_rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
if(mysql_affected_rows()){
    insertLog(‘庫存減少成功‘);
}else{
    insertLog(‘庫存減少失敗‘);
}

上述只是簡單模擬高並發下的搶購,真實場景要比這復雜很多,很多註意的地方,如搶購頁面做成靜態的,通過ajax調用接口。

再如上面的會導致一個用戶搶多個,思路:

需要一個排隊隊列和搶購結果隊列及庫存隊列。高並發情況,先將用戶進入排隊隊列,用一個線程循環處理從排隊隊列取出一個用戶,判斷用戶是否已在搶購結果隊列,如果在,則已搶購,否則未搶購,庫存減1,寫數據庫,將用戶入結果隊列。

我之間做商城項目的時候,在秒殺這一塊我直接用的redis,這段時間看了看上面的幾種方法,雖然各有不同,但是實現目的都一樣的,各位自己選擇,開心就好。

PHP和Redis實現在高並發下的搶購及秒殺功能示例詳解