iOS 推送通知及推送擴充套件
摘要：
iOS中的通知包括 本地推送通知 和 遠端推送通知 ，兩者在iOS系統中都可以通過彈出橫幅的形式來提醒使用者，點選橫幅會開啟應用。在iOS 10及之後版本的系統中，還支援通知擴充套件功能（ UNNotificationServiceExtension、UNNotificationConten...
iOS中的通知包括 本地推送通知 和 遠端推送通知 ，兩者在iOS系統中都可以通過彈出橫幅的形式來提醒使用者，點選橫幅會開啟應用。在iOS 10及之後版本的系統中，還支援通知擴充套件功能（ UNNotificationServiceExtension、UNNotificationContentExtension ），下面就來詳細介紹iOS推送通知的相關功能及操作。
一、本地推送通知
本地推送通知是由本地應用觸發的，是基於時間的通知形式，一般用於鬧鐘定時、待辦事項等提醒功能。傳送本地推送通知的大體步驟如下：
（1）註冊本地通知；
（2）建立本地通知相關變數，並初始化；
（3）設定處理通知的時間 fireDate ；
（4）設定通知的內容：通知標題、通知聲音、圖示數字等；
（5）設定通知傳遞的引數 userInfo ，該字典內容可自定義（可選）；
（6）新增這個本地通知到 UNUserNotificationCenter 。
1. 註冊本地推送通知
- (void)sendLocalNotification {
NSString *title = @"通知-title";
NSString *sutitle = @"通知-subtitle";
NSString *body = @"通知-body";
NSInteger badge = 1;
NSInteger timeInteval = 5;
NSDictionary *userInfo = @{@"id": @"LOCAL_NOTIFY_SCHEDULE_ID"};
if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) {
// 1.建立通知內容
UNMutableNotificationContent *content = [[UNMutableNotificationContent alloc] init];
[content setValue:@(YES) forKeyPath:@"shouldAlwaysAlertWhileAppIsForeground"];
content.sound = [UNNotificationSound defaultSound];
content.title = title;
content.subtitle = subtitle;
content.body = body;
content.badge = @(badge);
content.userInfo = userInfo;
// 2.設定通知附件內容
NSError *error = nil;
NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"logo_img_02@2x" ofType:@"png"];
UNNotificationAttachment *att = [UNNotificationAttachment attachmentWithIdentifier:@"att1" URL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:path] options:nil error:&error];
if (error) {
NSLog(@"attachment error %@", error);
}
content.attachments = @[att];
content.launchImageName = @"icon_certification_status1@2x";
// 3.設定聲音
UNNotificationSound *sound = [UNNotificationSound soundNamed:@"sound01.wav"];// [UNNotificationSound defaultSound];
content.sound = sound;
// 4.觸發模式
UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger *trigger = [UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger triggerWithTimeInterval:timeInteval repeats:NO];
// 5.設定UNNotificationRequest
UNNotificationRequest *request = [UNNotificationRequest requestWithIdentifier:LocalNotiReqIdentifer content:content trigger:trigger];
// 6.把通知加到UNUserNotificationCenter, 到指定觸發點會被觸發
[[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] addNotificationRequest:request withCompletionHandler:^(NSError * _Nullable error) {
}];
} else {
UILocalNotification *localNotification = [[UILocalNotification alloc] init];
// 1.設定觸發時間（如果要立即觸發，無需設定）
localNotification.timeZone = [NSTimeZone defaultTimeZone];
localNotification.fireDate = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:5];
// 2.設定通知標題
localNotification.alertBody = title;
// 3.設定通知動作按鈕的標題
localNotification.alertAction = @"檢視";
// 4.設定提醒的聲音
localNotification.soundName = @"sound01.wav";// UILocalNotificationDefaultSoundName;
// 5.設定通知的 傳遞的userInfo
localNotification.userInfo = userInfo;
// 6.在規定的日期觸發通知
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduleLocalNotification:localNotification];
// 7.立即觸發一個通知
//[[UIApplication sharedApplication] presentLocalNotificationNow:localNotification];
}
}
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2. 取消本地推送通知
- (void)cancelLocalNotificaitons {
// 取消一個特定的通知
NSArray *notificaitons = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduledLocalNotifications];
// 獲取當前所有的本地通知
if (!notificaitons || notificaitons.count <= 0) { return; }
for (UILocalNotification *notify in notificaitons) {
if ([[notify.userInfo objectForKey:@"id"] isEqualToString:@"LOCAL_NOTIFY_SCHEDULE_ID"]) {
if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) {
[[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] removePendingNotificationRequestsWithIdentifiers:@[LocalNotiReqIdentifer]];
} else {
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] cancelLocalNotification:notify];
}
break;
}
}
// 取消所有的本地通知
//[[UIApplication sharedApplication] cancelAllLocalNotifications];
}
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3. AppDelegate中的回撥方法
在上面的程式碼中我們設定了 userInfo ，在iOS中收到並點選通知，則會自動開啟應用。但是在不同版本的iOS系統中回撥方式有所差異，如下：
- 系統版本 < iOS 10
// 如果App已經完全退出： - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions; // 當App已經完全退出時，獲取userInfo引數過程如下： // NSDictionary *userInfoLocal = (NSDictionary *)[launchOptions objectForKey:UIApplicationLaunchOptionsLocalNotificationKey]; // NSDictionary *userInfoRemote = (NSDictionary *)[launchOptions objectForKey:UIApplicationLaunchOptionsRemoteNotificationKey]; // 如果App還在執行（前臺or後臺） - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification *)notification; 複製程式碼
- 系統版本 >= iOS 10
#if __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= __IPHONE_10_0 #pragma mark - UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate - (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions options))completionHandler __IOS_AVAILABLE(10.0) __TVOS_AVAILABLE(10.0) __WATCHOS_AVAILABLE(3.0); - (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response withCompletionHandler:(void(^)(void))completionHandler __IOS_AVAILABLE(10.0) __WATCHOS_AVAILABLE(3.0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED; #endif 複製程式碼
4. 實現效果
-
app向用戶請求推送通知許可權的提示彈窗：
-
app處於不同狀態（前臺、後臺、鎖屏）時彈出通知的效果：
PS：
- 當用戶拒絕授權推送通知時，
app無法接收通知；（使用者可以到設定->通知->相應app，手動設定通知選項） - 通知的聲音在程式碼中指定，由系統播放，時長必須在
30s內，否則將被預設聲音替換，並且自定義聲音檔案必須放到main bundle中。 - 本地通知有數量限制，超過一定數量（64個）將被系統忽略（資料來源於網路，具體時間間隔待驗證）。
二、遠端推送通知
遠端推送通知是通過蘋果的 APNs （ Apple Push Notification service ）傳送到 app ，而 APNs 必須先知道使用者裝置的令牌（ device token ）。在啟動時， app 與 APNs 通訊並接收 device token ，然後將其轉發到 App Server ， App Server 將該令牌和要傳送的通知訊息傳送至 APNs 。 PS：蘋果官網APNs概述
遠端推送通知的傳遞過程涉及幾個關鍵元件：
蘋果官方提供的遠端推送通知的傳遞示意圖如下：
各關鍵元件之間的互動細節：
-
開發遠端推送功能首先要設定正確的推送證書和許可權，步驟如下：
1）根據工程的
Bundle Identifier，在蘋果開發者平臺中建立同名App ID，並勾選Push Notifications服務；2）在工程的“Capabilities”中設定
Push Notifications為ON；3）遠端推送必須使用真機除錯，因為模擬器無法獲取得到
device token。 -
在設定好證書和許可權後，按照以下步驟開發遠端推送功能：
1. 註冊遠端通知
// iOS 8及以上版本的遠端推送通知註冊
- (void)registerRemoteNotifications
{
if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) {
UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter];
center.delegate = self;
[center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound | UNAuthorizationOptionAlert | UNAuthorizationOptionCarPlay) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError *_Nullable error) {
if (!error) {
NSLog(@"request authorization succeeded!");
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications];
} else {
NSLog(@"request authorization failed!");
}
}];
} else {
UIUserNotificationType types = (UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge);
UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:types categories:nil];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:settings];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications];
}
}
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2. App獲取device token
- 在註冊遠端通知後，獲取
device token的回撥方法：
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken; 複製程式碼
- 獲取
device token失敗的回撥方法：
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error; 複製程式碼
3. app將device token傳送給App Server
只有蘋果公司知道 device token 的生成演算法，保證唯一， device token 在app解除安裝後重裝等情況時會變化，因此為確保 device token 變化後app仍然能夠正常接收伺服器端傳送的通知，建議每次啟動應用都將獲取到的 device token 傳給 App Server 。
4. App Server將device token和要推送的訊息傳送給APNs
將指定的 device token 和訊息內容傳送給 APNs 時，必須按照蘋果官方的訊息格式組織訊息內容。 PS：遠端通知訊息的欄位、 ofollow,noindex">建立遠端通知訊息
訊息格式： {"aps":{"alert":{"title":"通知的title","subtitle":"通知的subtitle","body":"通知的body","title-loc-key":"TITLE_LOC_KEY","title-loc-args":["t_01","t_02"],"loc-key":"LOC_KEY","loc-args":["l_01","l_02"]},"sound":"sound01.wav","badge":1,"mutable-content":1,"category": "realtime"},"msgid":"123"}
5. APNs根據device token查詢相應裝置，並推送訊息
一般情況 APNs 可以根據 deviceToken 將訊息成功推送到相應裝置中，但也存在使用者解除安裝程式等導致推送訊息失敗的情況，這時 App Server 會收到 APNs 返回的錯誤資訊）。
6. AppDelegate中的回撥方法
// iOS<10時，且app被完全殺死 - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions; // 注：iOS10以上如果不使用UNUserNotificationCenter時，也將走此回撥方法 - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo; // 支援iOS7及以上系統 - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo fetchCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UIBackgroundFetchResult))completionHandler; //iOS>=10: app在前臺獲取到通知 - (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions))completionHandler; //iOS>=10: 點選通知進入app時觸發（殺死/切到後臺喚起） - (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler; 複製程式碼
在AppDelegate中註冊遠端推送通知並解析通知資料的完整程式碼如下：
#import "AppDelegate.h"
#import "ViewController.h"
#if __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= __IPHONE_10_0
#import <UserNotifications/UserNotifications.h>
#endif
@interface AppDelegate () <UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate>
@end
@implementation AppDelegate
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
ViewController *controller = [[ViewController alloc] init];
UINavigationController *nav = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:controller];
_window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds];
[_window setRootViewController:nav];
[_window makeKeyAndVisible];
////註冊本地推送通知（具體操作在ViewController中）
//[self registerLocalNotification];
// 註冊遠端推送通知
[self registerRemoteNotifications];
return YES;
}
- (void)registerLocalNotification {
if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) {
UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter];
center.delegate = self;
[center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound | UNAuthorizationOptionAlert) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
if (!error) {
NSLog(@"request authorization succeeded!");
}
}];
} else {
UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge | UIUserNotificationTypeSound categories:nil];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:settings];
}
}
- (void)registerRemoteNotifications
{
if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) {
UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter];
center.delegate = self;
[center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound | UNAuthorizationOptionAlert | UNAuthorizationOptionCarPlay) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError *_Nullable error) {
if (!error) {
NSLog(@"request authorization succeeded!");
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications];
} else {
NSLog(@"request authorization failed!");
}
}];
} else {
UIUserNotificationType types = (UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge);
UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:types categories:nil];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:settings];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications];
}
}
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterUserNotificationSettings:(UIUserNotificationSettings *)notificationSettings {
NSLog(@"didRegisterUserNotificationSettings");
}
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification *)notification {
NSLog(@"app收到本地推送(didReceiveLocalNotification:):%@", notification.userInfo);
}
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken {
// 獲取並處理deviceToken
NSString *token = [[deviceToken description] stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"<>"]];
token = [token stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""];
NSLog(@"DeviceToken:%@\n", token);
}
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error {
NSLog(@"didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError: %@", error.description);
}
// 注：iOS10以上如果不使用UNUserNotificationCenter時，也將走此回撥方法
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo {
// iOS6及以下系統
if (userInfo) {
if ([UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationState == UIApplicationStateActive) {// app位於前臺通知
NSLog(@"app位於前臺通知(didReceiveRemoteNotification:):%@", userInfo);
} else {// 切到後臺喚起
NSLog(@"app位於後臺通知(didReceiveRemoteNotification:):%@", userInfo);
}
}
}
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo fetchCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UIBackgroundFetchResult))completionHandler NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) {
// iOS7及以上系統
if (userInfo) {
if ([UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationState == UIApplicationStateActive) {
NSLog(@"app位於前臺通知(didReceiveRemoteNotification:fetchCompletionHandler:):%@", userInfo);
} else {
NSLog(@"app位於後臺通知(didReceiveRemoteNotification:fetchCompletionHandler:):%@", userInfo);
}
}
completionHandler(UIBackgroundFetchResultNewData);
}
#pragma mark - iOS>=10 中收到推送訊息
#if __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= __IPHONE_10_0
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions))completionHandler
API_AVAILABLE(ios(10.0)){
NSDictionary * userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo;
if (userInfo) {
NSLog(@"app位於前臺通知(willPresentNotification:):%@", userInfo);
}
completionHandler(UNNotificationPresentationOptionBadge|UNNotificationPresentationOptionSound|UNNotificationPresentationOptionAlert);
}
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler
API_AVAILABLE(ios(10.0)){
NSDictionary * userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo;
if (userInfo) {
NSLog(@"點選通知進入App時觸發(didReceiveNotificationResponse:):%@", userInfo);
}
completionHandler();
}
#endif
@end
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7. 使用Pusher工具模擬App Server推送通知
Pusher 和 SmartPush 等工具一樣，是優秀的遠端推送測試工具，工具介面如下：
-
Pusher的使用步驟說明：
1）選擇
p12格式的推送證書；2）設定是否為測試環境（預設勾選為測試環境，由於推送證書分為測試證書和生產證書，並且蘋果的
APNs也分為測試和生產兩套環境，因此Pusher需要手動勾選推送環境）；3）輸入
device token；4）輸入符合蘋果要求格式的
aps字串；5）執行推送。
效果如下：
json
串如下：
PS：
- 要使用遠端推送通知功能，需要至少啟動app一次；
- 裝置不連網，是無法註冊遠端推送通知的；
- 推送過程中aps串可在適當位置 新增自定義欄位 ，訊息上限為
4 KB。
三、iOS 通知擴充套件
iOS 10及之後的推送通知具有擴充套件功能，包括兩個方面：
- 通知服務擴充套件（UNNotificationServiceExtension），是在收到通知後且展示通知前允許開發者做一些事情，比如新增附件、載入網路請求等。點選檢視官網文件
- 通知內容擴充套件（UNNotificationContentExtension），是在展示通知時展示一個自定義的使用者介面。點選檢視官網文件
1. 建立UNNotificationServiceExtension和UNNotificationContentExtension：
注意：
- target支援的iOS版本為10.0及以上，且當前系統支援target版本。
2. 通知服務擴充套件UNNotificationServiceExtension
在NotificationService.m檔案中，有兩個回撥方法：
// 系統接到通知後，有最多30秒在這裡重寫通知內容（如下載附件並更新通知） - (void)didReceiveNotificationRequest:(UNNotificationRequest *)request withContentHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationContent *contentToDeliver))contentHandler; // 處理過程超時，則收到的通知直接展示出來 - (void)serviceExtensionTimeWillExpire; 複製程式碼
在通知服務擴充套件中載入網路請求，程式碼如下：
#import "NotificationService.h" #import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h> @interface NotificationService () @property (nonatomic, strong) void (^contentHandler)(UNNotificationContent *contentToDeliver); @property (nonatomic, strong) UNMutableNotificationContent *bestAttemptContent; @end @implementation NotificationService - (void)didReceiveNotificationRequest:(UNNotificationRequest *)request withContentHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationContent * _Nonnull))contentHandler { self.contentHandler = contentHandler; self.bestAttemptContent = [request.content mutableCopy]; //// Modify the notification content here... self.bestAttemptContent.title = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ [ServiceExtension modified]", self.bestAttemptContent.title]; // 設定UNNotificationAction UNNotificationAction * actionA=[UNNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"ActionA" title:@"A_Required" options:UNNotificationActionOptionAuthenticationRequired]; UNNotificationAction * actionB = [UNNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"ActionB" title:@"B_Destructive" options:UNNotificationActionOptionDestructive]; UNNotificationAction * actionC = [UNNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"ActionC" title:@"C_Foreground" options:UNNotificationActionOptionForeground]; UNTextInputNotificationAction * actionD = [UNTextInputNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"ActionD" title:@"D_InputDestructive" options:UNNotificationActionOptionDestructive textInputButtonTitle:@"Send" textInputPlaceholder:@"input some words here ..."]; NSArray *actionArr = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:actionA, actionB, actionC, actionD, nil]; NSArray *identifierArr = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"ActionA", @"ActionB", @"ActionC", @"ActionD", nil]; UNNotificationCategory * notficationCategory = [UNNotificationCategory categoryWithIdentifier:@"QiShareCategoryIdentifier" actions:actionArr intentIdentifiers:identifierArr options:UNNotificationCategoryOptionCustomDismissAction]; [[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] setNotificationCategories:[NSSet setWithObject:notficationCategory]]; // 設定categoryIdentifier self.bestAttemptContent.categoryIdentifier = @"QiShareCategoryIdentifier"; // 載入網路請求 NSDictionary *userInfo =self.bestAttemptContent.userInfo; NSString *mediaUrl = userInfo[@"media"][@"url"]; NSString *mediaType = userInfo[@"media"][@"type"]; if (!mediaUrl.length) { self.contentHandler(self.bestAttemptContent); } else { [self loadAttachmentForUrlString:mediaUrl withType:mediaType completionHandle:^(UNNotificationAttachment *attach) { if (attach) { self.bestAttemptContent.attachments = [NSArray arrayWithObject:attach]; } self.contentHandler(self.bestAttemptContent); }]; } } - (void)loadAttachmentForUrlString:(NSString *)urlStr withType:(NSString *)type completionHandle:(void(^)(UNNotificationAttachment *attach))completionHandler { __block UNNotificationAttachment *attachment = nil; NSURL *attachmentURL = [NSURL URLWithString:urlStr]; NSString *fileExt = [self getfileExtWithMediaType:type]; NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]]; [[session downloadTaskWithURL:attachmentURL completionHandler:^(NSURL *temporaryFileLocation, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error) { if (error) { NSLog(@"載入多媒體失敗 %@", error.localizedDescription); } else { NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager]; NSURL *localURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[temporaryFileLocation.path stringByAppendingString:fileExt]]; [fileManager moveItemAtURL:temporaryFileLocation toURL:localURL error:&error]; // 自定義推送UI需要 NSMutableDictionary * dict = [self.bestAttemptContent.userInfo mutableCopy]; [dict setObject:[NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:localURL] forKey:@"image"]; self.bestAttemptContent.userInfo = dict; NSError *attachmentError = nil; attachment = [UNNotificationAttachment attachmentWithIdentifier:@"QiShareCategoryIdentifier" URL:localURL options:nil error:&attachmentError]; if (attachmentError) { NSLog(@"%@", attachmentError.localizedDescription); } } completionHandler(attachment); }] resume]; } - (NSString *)getfileExtWithMediaType:(NSString *)mediaType { NSString *fileExt = mediaType; if ([mediaType isEqualToString:@"image"]) { fileExt = @"jpg"; } if ([mediaType isEqualToString:@"video"]) { fileExt = @"mp4"; } if ([mediaType isEqualToString:@"audio"]) { fileExt = @"mp3"; } return [@"." stringByAppendingString:fileExt]; } - (void)serviceExtensionTimeWillExpire { // Called just before the extension will be terminated by the system. // Use this as an opportunity to deliver your "best attempt" at modified content, otherwise the original push payload will be used. self.contentHandler(self.bestAttemptContent); } @end 複製程式碼
訊息內容格式： {"aps":{"alert":{"title":"Title...","subtitle":"Subtitle...","body":"Body..."},"sound":"default","badge": 1,"mutable-content": 1,"category": "QiShareCategoryIdentifier",},"msgid":"123","media":{"type":"image","url":" www.fotor.com/images2/fea… "}}
PS：
- 載入並處理附件時間上限為30秒，否則，通知按系統預設形式彈出；
- UNNotificationAttachment的url接收的是本地檔案的url；
- 服務端在處理推送內容時，最好加上媒體型別欄位；
- aps字串中的mutable-content欄位需要設定為1；
- 在對NotificationService進行debug時，需要在Xcode頂欄選擇編譯執行的target為NotificationService，否則無法進行實時debug。
3. 通知內容擴充套件UNNotificationContentExtension
通知內容擴充套件介面NotificationViewController的結構如下：
- 設定actions： 從NotificationViewController直接繼承於ViewController，因此可以在這個類中重寫相關方法，來修改介面的相關佈局及樣式。在這個介面展開之前，使用者可以通過UNNotificationAction與相應推送通知互動，但是使用者和這個通知內容擴充套件介面無法直接互動。
- 設定category： 推送通知內容中的category欄位，與UNNotificationContentExtension的info.plist中UNNotificationExtensionCategory欄位的值要匹配，系統才能找到自定義的UI。
在aps串中直接設定category欄位，例如： { "aps":{ "alert":"Testing...(0)","badge":1,"sound":"default","category":"QiShareCategoryIdentifier"}}
在NotificationService.m中設定category的值如下：
self.bestAttemptContent.categoryIdentifier = @"QiShareCategoryIdentifier"; 複製程式碼
info.plist中關於category的配置如下：
- UNNotificationContentExtension協議：NotificationViewController 中生成時預設實現了。
簡單的英文註釋很明瞭：
// This will be called to send the notification to be displayed by // the extension. If the extension is being displayed and more related // notifications arrive (eg. more messages for the same conversation) // the same method will be called for each new notification. - (void)didReceiveNotification:(UNNotification *)notification； // If implemented, the method will be called when the user taps on one // of the notification actions. The completion handler can be called // after handling the action to dismiss the notification and forward the // action to the app if necessary. - (void)didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response completionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationContentExtensionResponseOption))completion // Called when the user taps the play or pause button. - (void)mediaPlay; - (void)mediaPause; 複製程式碼
-
UNNotificationAttachment：attachment支援
1）音訊5M（kUTTypeWaveformAudio/kUTTypeMP3/kUTTypeMPEG4Audio/kUTTypeAudioInterchangeFileFormat）
2）圖片10M（kUTTypeJPEG/kUTTypeGIF/kUTTypePNG）
3）視訊50M（kUTTypeMPEG/kUTTypeMPEG2Video/kUTTypeMPEG4/kUTTypeAVIMovie）
4. 自定義內容擴充套件介面與內容擴充套件功能聯合使用時，程式碼如下：
#import "NotificationViewController.h"
#import <UserNotifications/UserNotifications.h>
#import <UserNotificationsUI/UserNotificationsUI.h>
#define Margin15
@interface NotificationViewController () <UNNotificationContentExtension>
@property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *label;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *subLabel;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIImageView *imageView;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *hintLabel;
@end
@implementation NotificationViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
CGPoint origin = self.view.frame.origin;
CGSize size = self.view.frame.size;
self.label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(Margin, Margin, size.width-Margin*2, 30)];
self.label.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth;
[self.view addSubview:self.label];
self.subLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(Margin, CGRectGetMaxY(self.label.frame)+10, size.width-Margin*2, 30)];
self.subLabel.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth;
[self.view addSubview:self.subLabel];
self.imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(Margin, CGRectGetMaxY(self.subLabel.frame)+10, 100, 100)];
[self.view addSubview:self.imageView];
self.hintLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(Margin, CGRectGetMaxY(self.imageView.frame)+10, size.width-Margin*2, 20)];
[self.hintLabel setText:@"我是hintLabel"];
[self.hintLabel setFont:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:14]];
[self.hintLabel setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentLeft];
[self.view addSubview:self.hintLabel];
self.view.frame = CGRectMake(origin.x, origin.y, size.width, CGRectGetMaxY(self.imageView.frame)+Margin);
// 設定控制元件邊框顏色
[self.label.layer setBorderColor:[UIColor redColor].CGColor];
[self.label.layer setBorderWidth:1.0];
[self.subLabel.layer setBorderColor:[UIColor greenColor].CGColor];
[self.subLabel.layer setBorderWidth:1.0];
[self.imageView.layer setBorderWidth:2.0];
[self.imageView.layer setBorderColor:[UIColor blueColor].CGColor];
[self.view.layer setBorderWidth:2.0];
[self.view.layer setBorderColor:[UIColor cyanColor].CGColor];
}
- (void)didReceiveNotification:(UNNotification *)notification {
self.label.text = notification.request.content.title;
self.subLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ [ContentExtension modified]", notification.request.content.subtitle];
NSData *data = notification.request.content.userInfo[@"image"];
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
[self.imageView setImage:image];
}
- (void)didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response completionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationContentExtensionResponseOption))completion {
[self.hintLabel setText:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"觸發了%@", response.actionIdentifier]];
if ([response.actionIdentifier isEqualToString:@"ActionA"]) {
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(1.5 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
completion(UNNotificationContentExtensionResponseOptionDismiss);
});
} else if ([response.actionIdentifier isEqualToString:@"ActionB"]) {
} else if ([response.actionIdentifier isEqualToString:@"ActionC"]) {
}else if ([response.actionIdentifier isEqualToString:@"ActionD"]) {
} else {
completion(UNNotificationContentExtensionResponseOptionDismiss);
}
completion(UNNotificationContentExtensionResponseOptionDoNotDismiss);
}
@end
複製程式碼
手機收到通知時的展示（aps串以上面第2點中提到的“訊息內容格式”為例）
說明：
- 服務擴充套件target和內容擴充套件target在配置中所支援的系統版本要在iOS10及以上；
- 自定義檢視的大小可以通過設定NotificationViewController的preferredContentSize大小來控制，但是使用者體驗稍顯突兀，可以通過設定info.plist中的UNNotificationExtensionInitialContentSizeRatio屬性的值來優化；
- contentExtension中的info.plist中NSExtension下的NSExtensionAttributes欄位下可以配置以下屬性的值，UNNotificationExtensionCategory：表示自定義內容假面可以識別的category，可以為陣列，也即可以為這個content繫結多個通知；UNNotificationExtensionInitialContentSizeRatio：預設的UI介面的寬高比；UNNotificationExtensionDefaultContentHidden：是否顯示系統預設的標題欄和內容，可選引數；UNNotificationExtensionOverridesDefaultTitle：是否讓系統採用訊息的標題作為通知的標題，可選引數。
- 處理通知內容擴充套件的過程中關於identifier的設定共有五處（UNNotificationAction、UNNotificationCategory、bestAttemptContent、contentExtension中的info.plist中，aps字串中），請區別不同identifier的作用。
- 兩個擴充套件聯合使用，在XCode中選擇當前target，才能打斷點看到相應log資訊。
工程原始碼： github.com/QiShare/QiN…