004.MySQL雙主+Keepalived高可用

MySQL keepalived · 發表 2019-01-30 14:52:00

摘要：一基礎環境主機名系統版本 MySQL版本主機IP Master01 CentOS 6.8 MySQL 5.6 ...

一基礎環境

主機名	系統版本	MySQL版本	主機IP
Master01	CentOS 6.8	MySQL 5.6	172.24.8.10
Master02	CentOS 6.8	MySQL 5.6	172.24.8.11
VIP	172.24.8.12

二實際部署

2.1 安裝MySQL

1 [root@Master01 ~]# yum list installed | grep mysql#檢視是否存在其他MySQL元件
2 [root@Master01 ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64#為避免衝突引發報錯，解除安裝已存在的元件

1 [root@Master01 study]#yum localinstall mysql-commu* -y
2 [root@Master01 ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysqld#檢視MySQL是否加入啟動項
3 [root@Master01 ~]# chkconfig mysqld on

2.2 初始化MySQL

1 [root@Master01 ~]# service mysqld start
2 [root@Master01 ~]# mysql_secure_installation
3 [root@Master01 ~]# service iptables stop
4 [root@Master01 ~]# chkconfig iptables off
5 [root@Master01 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
6 SELINUX=disabled

注意：以上操作在Master02主機上也需要執行。

安裝參考：http://www.cnblogs.com/007sx/p/7083143.html

2.3 master01 my.cf配置

1 [root@Master01 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
2 [mysqld]
3 ……
4 server-id=1#設定主伺服器master的id
5 log-bin=mysql-bin#配置二進位制變更日誌命名格式
6 replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%
7 replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.%
8 replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%

注意：

master開啟二進位制日誌後預設記錄所有庫所有表的操作，可以通過配置來指定只記錄指定的資料庫甚至指定的表的操作，具體在mysql配置檔案的[mysqld]可新增修改如下選項：

方法一：

1 # 不同步哪些資料庫
2 binlog-ignore-db = mysql
3 binlog-ignore-db = test
4 binlog-ignore-db = information_schema
5 # 只同步哪些資料庫，除此之外，其他不同步
6 binlog-do-db = mysqltest

方法二：

建議採用以下方式配置過濾：

1 replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%#從庫配置不同步表
2 replicate-wild-do-table=test.%#從庫配置需要同步的表

提示：不要在主庫使用binlog-ignore-db和binlog-do-db，也不要在從庫使用replicate-wild-ignore和replicate-wild-do-table。

2.4 建立賬號

1 [root@Master01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
2 Enter password:
3 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'172.24.8.11' identified by 'x12345678';
4 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'172.24.8.%'identified by 'x120952576' with grant option;
5 mysql> flush privileges;
6 [root@Master01 ~]# service mysqld restart
7 [root@Master01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
8 Enter password:
9 mysql> show master status;

master01：

file：mysql-bin.000001

position：120

2.5 smaster02 my.cf配置配置

1 [root@Master02 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
2 [mysqld]
3 server-id=2#設定主伺服器master的id
4 log-bin=mysql-bin#配置二進位制變更日誌命名格式
5 replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%
6 replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.%
7 replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%
8 read_only=1

2.6 建立賬號

1 [root@Master02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
2 Enter password:
3 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'172.24.8.10' identified by 'x12345678';
4 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'172.24.8.%'identified by 'x120952576' with grant option;
5 mysql> flush privileges;
6 [root@Master02 ~]# service mysqld restart
7 [root@Master02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
8 Enter password:
9 mysql> show master status;

master02：

file：mysql-bin.000001

position：120

三啟動主從

3.1 手動同步

如果Master01和Master02已經存在資料，則在開啟主備複製之前，需要將Master01和Master02手動同步一次（/var/lib/mysql整個目錄打包tar.gz），具體方法略。

注意：本實驗都是重新安裝的MySQL，可直接啟動同步。

3.2 啟動Master01的slave功能

1 [root@Master01 ~]# service mysqld restart
2 [root@Master01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
3 Enter password:
4 mysql> change master to master_host='172.24.8.11',
5 master_user='repl_user',
6 master_password='x12345678',
7 master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
8 master_port=3306,
9 master_log_pos=120;
 10 mysql> start slave;
 11 mysql> show slave status\G#檢視slave狀態

3.3 啟動Master02的slave功能

1 [root@Master02 ~]# service mysqld restart
2 [root@Master02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
3 Enter password:
4 mysql> change master to master_host='172.24.8.10',
5 master_user='repl_user',
6 master_password='x12345678',
7 master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
8 master_log_pos=120;
9 mysql> start slave;
 10 mysql> show slave status\G#檢視slave狀態

提示：

slave的I/O和SQL執行緒都已經開始執行，而且Seconds_Behind_Master不再是NULL。日誌的位置增加了，意味著一些事件被獲取並執行了。如果你在master上進行修改，你可以在slave上看到各種日誌檔案的位置的變化，同樣，你也可以看到資料庫中資料的變化。

四安裝Keepalived

4.1 下載

1 [root@Master01 ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.3.6.tar.gz
2 [root@Master01 ~]# tar -zvxf keepalived-1.3.6.tar.gz -C /tmp/
3 [root@Master01 ~]# cd /tmp/keepalived-1.3.6
4 [root@Master01 keepalived-1.3.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived/ --sysconf=/etc --with-init=SYSV
5 #注：(upstart|systemd|SYSV|SUSE|openrc) #根據你的系統選擇對應的啟動方式
6 [root@Master01 keepalived-1.3.6]# make && make install
7 [root@Master01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin
8 [root@Master01 ~]# chmod u+x /etc/init.d/keepalived
9 [root@Master01 ~]# chkconfig --add keepalived
 10 [root@Master01 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 keepalived on

注意：Master02上也需要如上操作。

若出現以下提示，需要執行：yum -y install openssl-devel。

提示：也可採用yum install -y keepalived安裝（個人不建議）。

4.2 Master01配置Keepalived

預設情況下keepalived啟動時會去/etc/keepalived目錄下找配置檔案。

1 [root@Master01 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
2 ! Configuration File for keepalived
3 global_defs {
4notification_email {
[email protected]
6 #表示keepalived在發生諸如切換操作時傳送Email給哪些地址，郵件地址可以多個，每行一個。
7}
8notification_email_from [email protected]
9smtp_server 172.24.8.10
 10smtp_connect_timeout 30
 11router_id LVS_DEVEL
 12 }
 13 vrrp_instance VI_1 {
 14state BACKUP
 15interface eth0
 16virtual_router_id 51
 17 #這裡設定VRID，這裡非常重要，相同的VRID為一個組，他將決定多播的MAC地址
 18priority 100
 19advert_int 1
 20nopreempt
 21 #不搶佔，只在優先順序高的機器上設定即可，優先順序低的機器不設定
 22authentication {
 23auth_type PASS
 24auth_pass 1111
 25}
 26 track_script {
 27check_mysqld#執行定義的監控指令碼
 28 }
 29virtual_ipaddress {
 30172.24.8.12
 31}
 32 }
 33 vrrp_script check_mysqld {
 34script"/etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/keepalived_check_mysql.sh "
 35interval 2
 36 }

4.3 建立檢測指令碼

1 [root@Master01 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/
2 [root@Master01 ~]# vi /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/keepalived_check_mysql.sh
3 #!/bin/bash
4 MYSQL=/usr/bin/mysql
5 MYSQL_HOST=localhost
6 MYSQL_USER=root
7 MYSQL_PASSWORD=x120952576
8 CHECK_TIME=3
9 #mysqlis workingMYSQL_OK is 1 , mysql down MYSQL_OK is 0
 10 MYSQL_OK=1
 11 function check_mysql_helth (){
 12 $MYSQL -h $MYSQL_HOST -u $MYSQL_USER -p${MYSQL_PASSWORD} -e "show status;" >/dev/null 2>&1
 13 if [ $? = 0 ] ;then
 14MYSQL_OK=1
 15 else
 16MYSQL_OK=0
 17 fi
 18 return $MYSQL_OK
 19 }
 20 while [ $CHECK_TIME -ne 0 ]
 21 do
 22let "CHECK_TIME -= 1"
 23check_mysql_helth
 24if [ $MYSQL_OK = 1 ] ; then
 25CHECK_TIME=0
 26exit 0
 27fi
 28if [ $MYSQL_OK -eq 0 ] &&[ $CHECK_TIME -eq 0 ]
 29then
 30/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
 31exit 1
 32fi
 33sleep 1
 34 done
 35 [root@Master01 ~]# chmod u+x /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/keepalived_check_mysql.sh
 36 [root@Master01 ~]# service keepalived start

4.4 Master02配置Keepalived

1 [root@Master01 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf [email protected]:/etc/keepalived/

參考Master01配置，去掉nopreempt選項，priority設定比Master01低即可。

4.5 建立檢測指令碼

1 [root@Master02 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/
2 [root@Master01 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/keepalived_check_mysql.sh [email protected]:/etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/
3 [root@Master02 ~]# chmod u+x /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/keepalived_check_mysql.sh
4 [root@Master02 ~]# service keepalived start

五功能測試

5.1 測試vip

1 [root@test ~]# mysql -uroot -h172.24.8.12 -p

1 mysql> show variables like "%hostname%";
2 mysql> show variables like "%server_id%";

5.2 同步測試

1 [root@test ~]# mysql -uroot -p
2 Enter password:
3 mysql> create database mysqltest;
4 mysql> use mysqltest;
5 mysql> create table user(id int(5),name char(10));
6 mysql> insert into user values (00001,'zhangsan');
7 在Slave從伺服器上進行驗證：
8 [root@Master02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
9 Enter password:
 10 mysql> show databases;
 11 mysql> select * from mysqltest.user;

5.3 測試Keepalived切換

1 [root@Master01 ~]# service mysqld stop#停止Master01的MySQL
2 [root@Master01 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages#觀察Master01的日誌

1 [root@Master02 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages#觀察Master02的日誌

1 [root@Client ~]# mysql -uroot -h172.24.8.12 -px120952576#客戶端連線VIP

注意：已經成功切換，在切換過程中可能中斷幾秒。

參考： http://www.cnblogs.com/liuyisai/p/5998110.html