SpringBoot28 RabbitMQ知識點、Docker下載RabbitMQ、SpringBoot整合RabbtiMQ
1 RabbitMQ知識點
1.1 整體架構圖
消息生產者將消息投遞到exchange中,exchange會以某種路由機制將生產者投遞的消息路由到queue中,消息消費者再從queue中獲取消息進行消費。
1.2 核心概念
1.2.1 server
又稱Broker,接收客戶端的連接,實現AMQP實體服務
1.2.2 Connection
連接,應用服務與Broker的網絡連接(PS:和JDBC中的connection作用相似)
1.2.3 Channel
網絡信道,幾乎所有的操作都在Channel中進行,Channel是進行消息讀寫的通道。客戶端可建立多個Channel,每個Channel代表一個會話。【PS:相當於JDBC的Statement】
1.2.4 Message
消息,服務器和應用程序之間傳遞的數據,由Properties和Body組成;Properties可以對消息進行修飾,比如消息的優先級、遲延等高級特性;Body則就是消息的內容。
1.2.5 Virtual Host
虛擬地址,用於進行邏輯隔離的最上層的消息路由。一個Virtual Host 裏面可以有若幹個Exchange 和 Queue,同一個Virtual Host裏面不能有相同名稱的Exchange或Queue;默認是 / , Virtual Host 通常用來進行項目劃分,即:一個項目相關的exchange 和 queue 都在一個Virtual Host中。
1.2.6 Exchange
交換機,用於接收消息;根據路由鍵轉發消息到綁定的隊列
1.2.7 Binding
Exchange 和 Queue 之間的虛擬連接,Binding 可以包含routing key。
1.2.8 Routing Key
一個路由規則,虛擬機可以用它來確定如何路由一個特定消息;就是exchange和queue的路由規則
1.2.9 Queue
也稱Message Queue,消息隊列,保存消息並將他們轉發給消費者
1.3 RabbitMQ消息的流轉
消息發布者會發送一個消息、exchange、routeing Key 到rabbtiMQ,他們先經過 Virtual Host , 再經過 Exchange, 再到Queue;消息消費者再到Queue中獲取消息
2 Docker下載RabbiMQ
2.1 Docker環境搭建
請參見另外一篇博文:點擊前往
docker版本為:
2.2 安裝RabbitMQ
2.2.1 拉取RabbitMQ鏡像
docker pull rabbitmq:3.7.7-management
技巧01:rabbitMQ的版本可以去官網進行查看
2.2.2 查看拉取的鏡像列表
2.2.3 創建並啟動rabbitMQ容器
docker run -d --hostname my-rabbit -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 rabbitmq:3.7.7-management
技巧01:-p 是將虛擬機的端口和docker中的端口做一個映射,這樣訪問虛擬機的端口就相當於訪問了docker中的端口
技巧02:5672是連接rabbtiMQ的端口,15672是連接rabbitMQ管理頁面的端口
2.2.4 查看啟動的rabbitMQ容器
2.3 連接rabbitMQ管理頁面
技巧01:直接在瀏覽器訪問 虛擬機IP + rabbtiMQ管理頁面端口 即可,例如:
http://192.168.233.135:15672/
技巧02:第一次訪問的時候需要輸入用戶名和用戶密碼,默認的用戶名和用戶密碼是guest
技巧03:訪問成功後的界面如下
3 SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ之消費發布者
3.1 創建一個SpringBoot項目
引入相關依賴:web、amqp,其他的都是輔助依賴
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-amqp --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.xunyji</groupId> <artifactId>rabbitmq01</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>rabbitmq01</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-amqp --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-lang3 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-io/commons-io --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.47</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>pom.xml
3.2 配置文件
# rabbitMQ基本配置 spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.233.135:5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=guest spring.activemq.password=guest spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/ spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000 server.servlet.path=/ server.port=8001 spring.http.encoding.charset=UTF-8 spring.jackson.date-format=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss spring.jackson.time-zone=GMT+8 spring.jackson.default-property-inclusion=non_nullapplication.properties
3.3 發布消息
依賴註入RabbitTemplate的實例並調用實例方法convertAndSend發布消息
技巧01:在進行發布之前需要在rabbitMQ中設置響應的exchange和queue
3.3.1 在RabbitMQ中添加exchange
技巧01:添加完成後exchange列表中就會出現新增的exchange信息
3.3.2 在RabbitMQ中添加Queue
技巧01:添加完queue後就會在queue列表中看到新添加的queue
3.3.3 設置exchange和queue的路由規則
技巧01:exchange和queue都可以進行設置,只有一方設置了就可以啦
3.4 測試
向rabbitMQ發布一則消息
package com.xunyji.rabbitmq01.producer; import com.xunyji.rabbitmq01.Rabbitmq01ApplicationTests; import com.xunyji.rabbitmq01.entity.Order; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.UUID; import static org.junit.Assert.*; @Component @Slf4j public class OrderSenderTest extends Rabbitmq01ApplicationTests { @Autowired private OrderSender orderSender; @Test public void test01() throws Exception { Order order = Order.builder() .id("20180830") .name("測試訂單01") .messageId(System.currentTimeMillis() + "$" + UUID.randomUUID().toString()) .build(); orderSender.sendOrder(order); } }View Code
技巧01:發送成功後,queue中就會有有一條為被消費的消息;當消息消費者消費了過後才會從隊列中剔除
4 SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ之消費訂閱者
4.1 創建一個SpringBoot項目
引入必要依賴:web、ampq,其余都是輔助依賴
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-amqp --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.xunyji</groupId> <artifactId>rabbitmq02-consumer</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>rabbitmq02-consumer</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-amqp --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-lang3 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-io/commons-io --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.47</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>pom.xml
4.2 配置文件
#springboot整合mq的基本配置 spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.233.135:5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=guest spring.activemq.password=guest spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/ spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000 #springboot整合mq的消費配置 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=5 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=10 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch=1 server.servlet.path=/ server.port=8002 spring.http.encoding.charset=UTF-8 spring.jackson.date-format=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss spring.jackson.time-zone=GMT+8 spring.jackson.default-property-inclusion=non_nullView Code
4.3 消費方法編寫
在消費方法上利用註解開啟監聽和指定監聽那個隊列即可
技巧01:@RabbitHandler 和 @RabbitListener 註解可以自動到rabbitMQ中生成exchange和queue的綁定關系
4.4 獲取消息
由於rabbitMQ中已經有一條消息待處理了,所以直接啟動項目就可以完成消息的消費,消費後rabbitMQ中待消費的消息數量就為0啦
5 本博文源代碼
點擊前往
SpringBoot28 RabbitMQ知識點、Docker下載RabbitMQ、SpringBoot整合RabbtiMQ