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圖片處理(一)

圖片的處理大概分 截圖(capture),  縮放(scale), 設定大小(resize),  儲存(save)


1.等比率縮放
- (UIImage *)scaleImage:(UIImage *)image toScale:(float)scaleSize

{

UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSizeMake(image.size.width * scaleSize, image.size.height * scaleSize);
[image drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, image.size.width * scaleSize, image.size.height * scaleSize)];

UIImage *scaledImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

return scaledImage;

}


2.自定長寬
- (UIImage *)reSizeImage:(UIImage *)image toSize:(CGSize)reSize

{
UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSizeMake(reSize.width, reSize.height));
[image drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, reSize.width, reSize.height)];

UIImage *reSizeImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

return reSizeImage;

}


3.處理某個特定View
只要是繼承UIView的object 都可以處理
必須先import QuzrtzCore.framework


-(UIImage*)captureView:(UIView *)theView

{
CGRect rect = theView.frame;
UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(rect.size);

CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
[theView.layer renderInContext:context];
UIImage *img = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

return img;

}


4.儲存圖片
儲存圖片這裡分成儲存到app的檔案裡和儲存到手機的圖片庫裡

1) 儲存到app的檔案裡
NSString *path = [[NSHomeDirectory()stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Documents"]stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"image.png"];
[UIImagePNGRepresentation(image) writeToFile:pathatomically:YES];
把要處理的圖片, 以image.png名稱存到app home下的Documents目錄裡

2)儲存到手機的圖片庫裡(必須在真機使用,模擬器無法使用)
CGImageRef screen = UIGetScreenImage();
UIImage* image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:screen];
CGImageRelease(screen);
UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(image, self, nil, nil);
UIGetScreenImage(); // 原來是private(私有)api, 用來擷取整個畫面,不過SDK 4.0後apple就開放了

//====================================================================================

以下程式碼用到了Quartz Framework 和 Core Graphics Framework. 在workspace的framework目錄裡新增這兩個framework.在UIKit裡,影象類UIImage和CGImageRef的畫圖操作都是通過Graphics Context來完成。Graphics Context封裝了變換的引數,使得在不同的座標系裡操作影象非常方便。缺點就是,獲取影象的資料不是那麼方便。下面會給出獲取資料區的程式碼。

 

1. 從UIView中獲取影象相當於視窗截圖。

(ios提供全域性的全屏截圖函式UIGetScreenView(). 如果需要特定區域的影象,可以crop一下)

  1. CGImageRef screen = UIGetScreenImage();
  2. UIImage* image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:screen];

2. 對於特定UIView的截圖。

(可以把當前View的layer,輸出到一個ImageContext中,然後利用這個ImageContext得到UIImage)

  1. -(UIImage*)captureView: (UIView *)theView
  2. {
  3. CGRect rect = theView.frame;
  4. UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(rect.size);
  5. CGContextRef context =UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
  6. [theView.layer renderInContext:context];
  7. UIImage *img = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
  8. UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

  9. return img;
  10. }

3. 如果需要裁剪指定區域。

(可以path & clip,以下例子是建一個200x200的影象上下文,再截取出左上角)

  1. UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGMakeSize(200,200));
  2. CGContextRefcontext=UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
  3. UIGraphicsPushContext(context);
  4. // ...把圖寫到context中,省略[indent]CGContextBeginPath();
  5. CGContextAddRect(CGMakeRect(0,0,100,100));
  6. CGContextClosePath();[/indent]CGContextDrawPath();
  7. CGContextFlush(); // 強制執行上面定義的操作
  8. UIImage* image = UIGraphicGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
  9. UIGraphicsPopContext();

4. 儲存影象。

(分別儲存到home目錄檔案和圖片庫檔案。)

儲存到目錄檔案是這樣

  1. NSString *path = [[NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Documents"] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"image.png"];
  2. [UIImagePNGRepresentation(image) writeToFile:path atomically:YES];

若要儲存到圖片庫裡面

  1. UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(image, nil, nil, nil);


5.  互相轉換UImage和CGImage。

(UImage封裝了CGImage, 互相轉換很容易)

  1. UIImage* imUI=nil;
  2. CGImageRef imCG=nil;
  3. imUI = [UIImage initWithCGImage:imCG];
  4. imCG = imUI.CGImage;

6. 從CGImage上獲取影象資料區。

(在apple dev上有QA, 不過好像還不支援ios)


下面給出一個在ios上反色的例子

  1. -(id)invertContrast:(UIImage*)img
  2. {
  3. CGImageRef inImage = img.CGImage; 
  4. CGContextRef ctx;
  5. CFDataRef m_DataRef;
  6. m_DataRef = CGDataProviderCopyData(CGImageGetDataProvider(inImage)); 

  7. int width = CGImageGetWidth( inImage );
  8. int height = CGImageGetHeight( inImage );

  9. int bpc = CGImageGetBitsPerComponent(inImage);
  10. int bpp = CGImageGetBitsPerPixel(inImage);
  11. int bpl = CGImageGetBytesPerRow(inImage);

  12. UInt8 * m_PixelBuf = (UInt8 *) CFDataGetBytePtr(m_DataRef);
  13. int length = CFDataGetLength(m_DataRef);

  14. NSLog(@"len %d", length);
  15. NSLog(@"width=%d, height=%d", width, height);
  16. NSLog(@"1=%d, 2=%d, 3=%d", bpc, bpp,bpl);

  17. for (int index = 0; index < length; index += 4)
  18. m_PixelBuf[index + 0] = 255 - m_PixelBuf[index + 0];// b
  19. m_PixelBuf[index + 1] = 255 - m_PixelBuf[index + 1];// g
  20. m_PixelBuf[index + 2] = 255 - m_PixelBuf[index + 2];// r
  21. }

  22. ctx = CGBitmapContextCreate(m_PixelBuf, width, height, bpb, bpl, CGImageGetColorSpace( inImage ), kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedFirst );
  23. CGImageRef imageRef = CGBitmapContextCreateImage (ctx);
  24. UIImage* rawImage = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:imageRef];
  25. CGContextRelease(ctx);
  26. return rawImage;
  27. }

 

7. 顯示影象資料區。

(顯示影象資料區,也就是unsigned char*轉為graphics context或者UIImage或和CGImageRef)

  1. CGContextRef ctx = CGBitmapContextCreate(pixelBuf,width,height, bitsPerComponent,bypesPerLine, colorSpace,kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast );
  2. CGImageRef imageRef = CGBitmapContextCreateImage (ctx);
  3. UIImage* image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:imageRef];
  4. NSString* path = [[NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Documents"] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"ss.png"];
  5. [UIImagePNGRepresentation(self.image) writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
  6. CGContextRelease(ctx);
得到影象資料區後就可以很方便的實現影象處理的演算法。