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【 MATLAB 】訊號處理工具箱之fft簡介及案例分析

目錄

 

Syntax

Description

Y = fft(X)

Y = fft(X,n)

Y = fft(X,n,dim)

Examples

Noisy Signal


Syntax

Y = fft(X)

Y = fft(X,n)

Y = fft(X,n,dim)



Description

Y = fft(X)

Y = fft(X) 使用fast Fourier transform(FFT)演算法計算訊號X的離散傅立葉變換:


Y = fft(X,n)

Y = fft(X,n) 返回 n 點 DFT。 如果未指定任何值,則Y與X的大小相同。

  • 如果X是向量並且X的長度小於n,則用尾隨零填充X到長度n。

  • 如果X是向量並且X的長度大於n,則X被截斷為長度n。

  • 如果X是矩陣,那麼每個列都被視為向量情況。

  • 如果X是多維陣列,則大小不等於1的第一個陣列維度將被視為向量的情況。


Y = fft(X,n,dim)

Y = fft(X,n,dim)沿維度dim返回傅立葉變換。 例如,如果X是矩陣,則fft(X,n,2)返回每行的n點傅立葉變換。



Examples

Noisy Signal

使用傅立葉變換來查詢隱藏在噪聲中的訊號的頻率分量。

指定取樣頻率為1 kHz且訊號持續時間為1.5秒的訊號引數。

clc
clear
close all
% Use Fourier transforms to find the frequency components of a signal buried in noise.
% Specify the parameters of a signal with a sampling frequency of 1 kHz and a signal duration of 1.5 seconds.

Fs = 1000;            % Sampling frequency                    
T = 1/Fs;             % Sampling period       
L = 1500;             % Length of signal
t = (0:L-1)*T;        % Time vector

% Form a signal containing a 50 Hz sinusoid of amplitude 0.7 and a 120 Hz sinusoid of amplitude 1.

S = 0.7*sin(2*pi*50*t) + sin(2*pi*120*t);
% Corrupt the signal with zero-mean white noise with a variance of 4.

X = S + 2*randn(size(t));
 
% Plot the noisy signal in the time domain. It is difficult to identify the frequency components by looking at the signal X(t).
figure();
plot(1000*t(1:50),X(1:50))
title('Signal Corrupted with Zero-Mean Random Noise')
xlabel('t (milliseconds)')
ylabel('X(t)')

% Compute the Fourier transform of the signal.
Y = fft(X);

% Compute the two-sided spectrum P2. Then compute the single-sided spectrum P1 based on P2 and the even-valued signal length L.
P2 = abs(Y/L);
P1 = P2(1:L/2+1);
P1(2:end-1) = 2*P1(2:end-1);

% Define the frequency domain f and plot the single-sided amplitude spectrum P1. 
% The amplitudes are not exactly at 0.7 and 1, as expected, because of the added noise. On average, 
% longer signals produce better frequency approximations.
figure();
f = Fs*(0:(L/2))/L;
plot(f,P1) 
title('Single-Sided Amplitude Spectrum of X(t)')
xlabel('f (Hz)')
ylabel('|P1(f)|')

% Now, take the Fourier transform of the original, uncorrupted signal and retrieve the exact amplitudes, 0.7 and 1.0.
% 

Y = fft(S);
P2 = abs(Y/L);
P1 = P2(1:L/2+1);
P1(2:end-1) = 2*P1(2:end-1);

figure();
plot(f,P1) 
title('Single-Sided Amplitude Spectrum of S(t)')
xlabel('f (Hz)')
ylabel('|P1(f)|')

 

figure(1)是加上零均值的隨機噪聲後的訊號時域圖形,通過觀察這幅圖很難辨別其頻率成分。

figure(2)是X(t)的單邊幅度譜,通過這幅圖其實已經能夠看出訊號的頻率成分,分別為50Hz和120Hz,其他的頻率成分都會噪聲的頻率分量。

figure(3)是訊號S(t)的單邊幅度譜,用作和figure(2)的幅度譜對比,原訊號確實只有兩個頻率成分。

上面三幅圖畫到一起:

更多案例見下篇博文:【 MATLAB 】訊號處理工具箱之 fft 案例分析