張季躍 201771010139《面向物件程式設計（java）》第十三週學習總結
張季躍 201771010139《面向物件程式設計（java）》第十三周學習總結
實驗部分：
1、實驗目的與要求
(1) 掌握事件處理的基本原理，理解其用途；
(2) 掌握AWT事件模型的工作機制；
(3) 掌握事件處理的基本程式設計模型；
(4) 瞭解GUI介面元件觀感設定方法；
(5) 掌握WindowAdapter類、AbstractAction類的用法；
(6) 掌握GUI程式中滑鼠事件處理技術。
2、實驗內容和步驟
實驗1： 匯入第11章示例程式，測試程式並進行程式碼註釋。
測試程式1：
l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材443頁-444頁程式11-1，結合程式執行結果理解程式；
l 在事件處理相關程式碼處添加註釋；
l 用lambda表示式簡化程式；
l 掌握JButton元件的基本API；
l 掌握Java中事件處理的基本程式設計模型。
測試程式：
ButtonFrame：
package button;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* A frame with a button panel
*/
public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame
{
private JPanel buttonPanel;
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;//寬300
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;//高200
public ButtonFrame()
{
setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
// 建立按鈕
JButton orangeButton = new JButton("Orange");//建立一個帶文字的按鈕。
JButton blueButton = new JButton("blue");
JButton greyButton = new JButton("Grey");
buttonPanel = new JPanel();
// 向面板新增按鈕
buttonPanel.add(orangeButton);
buttonPanel.add(blueButton);
buttonPanel.add(greyButton);
// 向框架新增面板
add(buttonPanel);
// 建立按鈕操作
ColorAction orangeAction= new ColorAction(Color.ORANGE);
ColorAction blueAction = new ColorAction(Color.BLUE);
ColorAction greyAction = new ColorAction(Color.GRAY);
// 將操作與按鈕相關聯
orangeButton.addActionListener(orangeAction);
blueButton.addActionListener(blueAction);
greyButton.addActionListener(greyAction);
}
/**
* An action listener that sets the panel's background color.
*/
private class ColorAction implements ActionListener
{
private Color backgroundColor;
public ColorAction(Color c)
{
backgroundColor = c;
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor);
}
}
}
ButtonTest：
package button;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* @version 1.34 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class ButtonTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//lambda表示式
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame();
frame.setTitle("ButtonTest");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
實驗結果：
測試程式2：
l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材449頁程式11-2，結合程式執行結果理解程式；
l 在元件觀感設定程式碼處添加註釋；
l 瞭解GUI程式中觀感的設定方法。
測試程式：
PlafFrame：
package plaf;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
/**
* A frame with a button panel for changing look-and-feel
*/
public class PlafFrame extends JFrame
{
private JPanel buttonPanel;
public PlafFrame()
{
buttonPanel = new JPanel();
UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] infos = UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();
for (UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : infos)
makeButton(info.getName(), info.getClassName());
add(buttonPanel);
pack();
}
/**
* Makes a button to change the pluggable look-and-feel.
* @param name the button name
* @param className the name of the look-and-feel class
*/
private void makeButton(String name, String className)
{
// add button to panel
JButton button = new JButton(name);
buttonPanel.add(button);
// set button action
button.addActionListener(event -> {
// button action: switch to the new look-and-feel
try
{
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(className);
SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(this);
pack();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
}
PlafTest：
package plaf;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* @version 1.32 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class PlafTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new PlafFrame();
frame.setTitle("PlafTest");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
實驗結果：
測試程式3：
l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材457頁-458頁程式11-3，結合程式執行結果理解程式；
l 掌握AbstractAction類及其動作物件；
l 掌握GUI程式中按鈕、鍵盤動作對映到動作物件的方法。
測試程式：
ActionFrame：
package action;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* A frame with a panel that demonstrates color change actions.
*/
public class ActionFrame extends JFrame
{
private JPanel buttonPanel;
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
public ActionFrame()
{
setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
buttonPanel = new JPanel();
// define actions
Action yellowAction = new ColorAction("Yellow", new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"),
Color.YELLOW);
Action blueAction = new ColorAction("Blue", new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), Color.BLUE);
Action redAction = new ColorAction("Red", new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif"), Color.RED);
// add buttons for these actions
buttonPanel.add(new JButton(yellowAction));
buttonPanel.add(new JButton(blueAction));
buttonPanel.add(new JButton(redAction));
// add panel to frame
add(buttonPanel);
// associate the Y, B, and R keys with names
InputMap imap = buttonPanel.getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_ANCESTOR_OF_FOCUSED_COMPONENT);
imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl Y"), "panel.yellow");
imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl B"), "panel.blue");
imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl R"), "panel.red");
// associate the names with actions
ActionMap amap = buttonPanel.getActionMap();
amap.put("panel.yellow", yellowAction);
amap.put("panel.blue", blueAction);
amap.put("panel.red", redAction);
}
public class ColorAction extends AbstractAction
{
/**
* Constructs a color action.
* @param name the name to show on the button
* @param icon the icon to display on the button
* @param c the background color
*/
public ColorAction(String name, Icon icon, Color c)
{
putValue(Action.NAME, name);
putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, icon);
putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Set panel color to " + name.toLowerCase());
putValue("color", c);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
Color c = (Color) getValue("color");
buttonPanel.setBackground(c);
}
}
}
ActionTest：
package action;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* @version 1.34 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class ActionTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new ActionFrame();
frame.setTitle("ActionTest");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
實驗結果：
測試程式4：
l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材462頁程式11-4、11-5，結合程式執行結果理解程式；
l 掌握GUI程式中滑鼠事件處理技術。
測試程式：
MouseCmponent：
package mouse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* A component with mouse operations for adding and removing squares.
*/
public class MouseComponent extends JComponent
{
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
private static final int SIDELENGTH = 30;
private ArrayList<Rectangle2D> squares;
private Rectangle2D current; // the square containing the mouse cursor
public MouseComponent()
{
squares = new ArrayList<>();
current = null;
addMouseListener(new MouseHandler());
addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionHandler());
}
public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }
public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
{
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
// draw all squares
for (Rectangle2D r : squares)
g2.draw(r);
}
/**
* Finds the first square containing a point.
* @param p a point
* @return the first square that contains p
*/
public Rectangle2D find(Point2D p)
{
for (Rectangle2D r : squares)
{
if (r.contains(p)) return r;
}
return null;
}
/**
* Adds a square to the collection.
* @param p the center of the square
*/
public void add(Point2D p)
{
double x = p.getX();
double y = p.getY();
current = new Rectangle2D.Double(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH,
SIDELENGTH);
squares.add(current);
repaint();
}
/**
* Removes a square from the collection.
* @param s the square to remove
*/
public void remove(Rectangle2D s)
{
if (s == null) return;
if (s == current) current = null;
squares.remove(s);
repaint();
}
private class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter
{
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event)
{
// add a new square if the cursor isn't inside a square
current = find(event.getPoint());
if (current == null) add(event.getPoint());
}
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event)
{
// remove the current square if double clicked
current = find(event.getPoint());
if (current != null && event.getClickCount() >= 2) remove(current);
}
}
private class MouseMotionHandler implements MouseMotionListener
{
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event)
{
// set the mouse cursor to cross hairs if it is inside
// a rectangle
if (find(event.getPoint()) == null) setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor());
else setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR));
}
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event)
{
if (current != null)
{
int x = event.getX();
int y = event.getY();
// drag the current rectangle to center it at (x, y)
current.setFrame(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH);
repaint();
}
}
}
}
MouseFrame：
package mouse;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* A frame containing a panel for testing mouse operations
*/
public class MouseFrame extends JFrame
{
public MouseFrame()
{
add(new MouseComponent());
pack();
}
}
MouseTest：
package mouse;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* @version 1.34 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class MouseTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new MouseFrame();
frame.setTitle("MouseTest");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
實驗結果：
實驗2：結對程式設計練習
利用班級名單檔案、文字框和按鈕元件，設計一個有如下介面（圖1）的點名器，要求使用者點選開始按鈕後在文字輸入框隨機顯示2017級網路與資訊安全班同學姓名，如圖2所示，點選停止按鈕後，文字輸入框不再變換同學姓名，此同學則是被點到的同學姓名。
實驗程式：
package 點名器;
import java.util.*;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import javax.swing.event.*;
public class NameFrame extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
private JLabel jla;
private JLabel jlb;
private JButton jba;//"push" 按鈕的實現
private static boolean flag = true;//開始的按鈕是否點過
public NameFrame(){
this.setLayout(null);
//新增按鈕
jla = new JLabel("姓名");
jlb = new JLabel("準備中");
jba = new JButton("開始");
this.add(jla);//新增元件
this.add(jlb);
jla.setFont(new Font("Courier",Font.PLAIN,26));//設定字型
jla.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);//X軸對稱
jla.setVerticalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER); //Y軸對稱
jla.setBounds(20,100,180,30);
jlb.setOpaque(true);
jlb.setBackground(Color.cyan);//設定背景的顏色
jlb.setFont(new Font("Courier",Font.PLAIN,22));
jlb.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
jlb.setVerticalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
jlb.setBounds(150,100,120,30);
//設定視窗大小
this.add(jba);
jba.setBounds(150,150,80,26);
jba.addActionListener(this);
this.setTitle("點名器");//視窗標題
this.setBounds(400,400,400,300);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
int i=0;
String names[]=new String[50];
try {
Scanner in=new Scanner(new File("C:\\Users\\張季躍\\Desktop\\studentnamelist.txt"));
while(in.hasNextLine())
{
names[i]=in.nextLine();
i++;
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
}
if(jba.getText()=="開始"){//返回按鈕
jlb.setBackground(Color.MAGENTA);
flag = true;
new Thread(){
public void run(){
while(NameFrame.flag){
Random r = new Random();
int i= r.nextInt(47);//返還該元素，並重新選擇另一個元素
jlb.setText(names[i]);
}
}
}.start();//使該執行緒開始執行；Java 虛擬機器呼叫該執行緒的 run 方法
jba.setText("停止");
jba.setBackground(Color.YELLOW);
}
else if(jba.getText()=="停止"){
flag = false;
jba.setText("開始");//按鈕標題
jba.setBackground(Color.RED);//“開始”顏色
jlb.setBackground(Color.green);
}
}
public static void main(String arguments []){
new NameFrame();
}
}
實驗結果：
實驗總結：
通過這一週的學習，我初步瞭解了有關事件處理的基本知識，對AWT事件處理機制有了基本的認識學會了如何用程式編輯建立按鈕，並初步的學會了如何在自己編寫的視窗中進行簡單的人機互動。但在本週的實驗中，我發現我對於本週的學習以及今後知識的預習還是不到位，對於本週的程式設計實驗我簡直是毫無頭緒，就算是學長髮的程式我也有很多看不懂的地方，必須通過查詢資料和詢問同學才有所收穫。