6-2 雙端佇列 (25 分)
雙端佇列(deque,即double-ended queue的縮寫)是一種具有佇列和棧性質的資料結構,即可以(也只能)線上性表的兩端進行插入和刪除。若以順序儲存方式實現雙端佇列,請編寫例程實現下列操作:
Push(X,D):將元素X插入到雙端佇列D的頭;
Pop(D):刪除雙端佇列D的頭元素,並返回;
Inject(X,D):將元素X插入到雙端佇列D的尾部;
Eject(D):刪除雙端佇列D的尾部元素,並返回。
函式介面定義:
bool Push( ElementType X, Deque D );
ElementType Pop( Deque D );
bool Inject( ElementType X, Deque D );
ElementType Eject( Deque D );
其中Deque結構定義如下:
typedef int Position;
typedef struct QNode *PtrToQNode;
struct QNode {
ElementType Data; / 儲存元素的陣列 /
Position Front, Rear; / 佇列的頭、尾指標 /
int MaxSize; / 佇列最大容量 */
};
typedef PtrToQNode Deque;
注意:Push和Inject應該在正常執行完操作後返回true,或者在出現非正常情況時返回false。當Front和Rear相等時佇列為空,Pop和Eject必須返回由裁判程式定義的ERROR。
裁判測試程式樣例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define ERROR -1
typedef int ElementType;
typedef enum { push, pop, inject, eject, end } Operation;
typedef enum { false, true } bool;
typedef int Position;
typedef struct QNode *PtrToQNode;
struct QNode {
ElementType Data; / 儲存元素的陣列 /
Position Front, Rear; /
int MaxSize; / 佇列最大容量 */
};
typedef PtrToQNode Deque;
Deque CreateDeque( int MaxSize )
{ /* 注意:為區分空佇列和滿佇列,需要多開闢一個空間 */
Deque D = (Deque)malloc(sizeof(struct QNode));
MaxSize++;
D->Data = (ElementType *)malloc(MaxSize * sizeof(ElementType));
D->Front = D->Rear = 0;
D->MaxSize = MaxSize;
return D;
}
bool Push( ElementType X, Deque D );
ElementType Pop( Deque D );
bool Inject( ElementType X, Deque D );
ElementType Eject( Deque D );
Operation GetOp(); /* 裁判實現,細節不表 /
void PrintDeque( Deque D ); / 裁判實現,細節不表 */
int main()
{
ElementType X;
Deque D;
int N, done = 0;
scanf("%d", &N);
D = CreateDeque(N);
while (!done) {
switch(GetOp()) {
case push:
scanf("%d", &X);
if (!Push(X, D)) printf("Deque is Full!\n");
break;
case pop:
X = Pop(D);
if ( X==ERROR ) printf("Deque is Empty!\n");
else printf("%d is out\n", X);
break;
case inject:
scanf("%d", &X);
if (!Inject(X, D)) printf("Deque is Full!\n");
break;
case eject:
X = Eject(D);
if ( X==ERROR ) printf("Deque is Empty!\n");
else printf("%d is out\n", X);
break;
case end:
PrintDeque(D);
done = 1;
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
/* 你的程式碼將被嵌在這裡 */
輸入樣例:
3
Pop
Inject 1
Pop
Eject
Push 2
Push 3
Eject
Inject 4
Inject 5
Inject 6
Push 7
Pop
End
輸出樣例:
Deque is Empty!
1 is out
Deque is Empty!
2 is out
Deque is Full!
Deque is Full!
3 is out
Inside Deque: 4 5
bool Push( ElementType X, Deque D )
{
if((D->Rear+1)%(D->MaxSize)==D->Front)
return false;
D->Front--;
D->Front=(D->MaxSize+D->Front)%(D->MaxSize);
D->Data[D->Front]=X;
return true;
}
ElementType Pop( Deque D )
{
if(D->Front==D->Rear)
return ERROR;
ElementType d=D->Data[D->Front];
D->Front++;
D->Front=D->Front%(D->MaxSize);
return d;
}
bool Inject( ElementType X, Deque D )
{
if((D->Rear+1)%(D->MaxSize)==D->Front)
return false;
D->Data[D->Rear]=X;
D->Rear=(D->Rear+1)%D->MaxSize;
return true;
}
ElementType Eject( Deque D )
{
if(D->Front==D->Rear)
return ERROR;
if(!D->Rear)
D->Rear=D->MaxSize;
D->Rear--;
ElementType d=D->Data[D->Rear];
return d;
}