Rman備份異機恢復
最後更新時間：2018/12/29
前置條件
已準備一臺安裝好Centos６+oracle11gr2 軟體的伺服器;
只安裝了 oracle 資料庫軟體，需要手工建立以下目錄：
#環境變數
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
#由於只安裝軟體未建立資料庫所以需建立對應資料夾
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/adump/
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/dpdump/
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/pfile/
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/orcl/
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area/orcl
備份集放置目錄：/u02/rmans
data放置備份集檔案；
init_files 放置備份集生成後，手工備份的 spfile 及 control 檔案。
[[email protected] rmans]$ ls /u02/rmans
data expdp.sh init_files logs startrmans.sh
本次恢復主要難點：
1. 備份集的資料庫版本不同，由 11.2.0.1 升級為 11.2.0.4；
2. 資料庫安裝路徑也不一樣，資料檔案、日誌檔案、控制檔案路徑都重定義；
正常情況下恢復，一般是安裝的資料庫版本、軟體安裝路徑、資料檔案路徑都一致，會少很多步驟。
恢復操作
[[email protected] rmans]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Dec 19 09:28:53 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup nomount;
startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'
starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size 2260088 bytes
Variable Size 285213576 bytes
Database Buffers 775946240 bytes
Redo Buffers 5517312 bytes
恢復spfile: 需注意對應spfile oracle使用者需要有許可權訪問
RMAN> restore spfile from '/u02/rmans/init_files/ORCL_spfile_1atl4iog_1_1_20181219';
Starting restore at 19-DEC-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u02/rmans/init_files/ORCL_spfile_1atl4iog_1_1_20181219
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 19-DEC-18
重啟例項
RMAN> startup nomount force;
恢復控制檔案
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u02/rmans/init_files/ctl_file_19tl4iod_1_1_20181219';
Starting restore at 19-DEC-18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=385 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 19-DEC-18
掛載資料庫
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
RMAN> list backup of database;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
24 Full 3.29G DISK 00:00:35 18-DEC-18
BP Key: 24 Status: EXPIRED Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20181218T143246
Piece Name: /home/oracle/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181218_35
List of Datafiles in backup set 24
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
2 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
3 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
4 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
5 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/userdat.dbf
6 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/useridx.dbf
7 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/qcdat.dbf
8 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/qcidx.dbf
9 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/hisdat.dbf
10 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/hisidx.dbf
11 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/archdat.dbf
12 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/archidx.dbf
13 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/suitdat.dbf
14 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/suitidx.dbf
15 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/sbcdat.dbf
16 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/sbcidx.dbf
17 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/gszqdat.dbf
18 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/gszqidx.dbf
19 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/zginfo/ZG_INFO_SPACE.dbf
20 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/businessdat.dbf
21 Full 62638762 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/businessidx.dbf
路徑轉換
rman備份集在新主機路徑： /u02/rmans/data，備份集生成是在源主機的 /home/oracle/rmans/data ，所以需轉換。
註冊備份集路徑
RMAN> catalog start with '/u02/rmans/data';
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 19-DEC-18
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=385 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 5 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 19-DEC-18
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 19-DEC-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 19-DEC-18
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
searching for all files that match the pattern /u02/rmans/data
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /u02/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181219_39
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u02/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181219_39
資料檔案路徑轉換
run{
set newname for datafile 1 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 2 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 3 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 4 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 5 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/userdat.dbf';
set newname for datafile 6 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/useridx.dbf';
set newname for datafile 7 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/qcdat.dbf';
set newname for datafile 8 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/qcidx.dbf';
set newname for datafile 9 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/hisdat.dbf';
set newname for datafile 10 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/hisidx.dbf';
set newname for datafile 11 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/archdat.dbf';
set newname for datafile 12 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/archidx.dbf';
set newname for datafile 13 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/suitdat.dbf';
set newname for datafile 14 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/suitidx.dbf';
set newname for datafile 15 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/sbcdat.dbf';
set newname for datafile 16 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/sbcidx.dbf';
set newname for datafile 17 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/gszqdat.dbf';
set newname for datafile 18 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/gszqidx.dbf';
set newname for datafile 19 to '/u01/app/oradata/zginfo/ZG_INFO_SPACE.dbf';
set newname for datafile 20 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/businessdat.dbf';
set newname for datafile 21 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/businessidx.dbf';
set until scn 62754360;
restore database;
SWITCH DATAFILE ALL;
recover database;
}
....
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET until clause
Starting restore at 19-DEC-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
skipping datafile 1; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
skipping datafile 2; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
skipping datafile 3; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
skipping datafile 4; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
skipping datafile 5; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/userdat.dbf
skipping datafile 6; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/useridx.dbf
skipping datafile 7; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/qcdat.dbf
skipping datafile 8; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/qcidx.dbf
skipping datafile 9; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/hisdat.dbf
skipping datafile 10; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/hisidx.dbf
skipping datafile 11; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/archdat.dbf
skipping datafile 12; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/archidx.dbf
skipping datafile 13; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/suitdat.dbf
skipping datafile 14; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/suitidx.dbf
skipping datafile 15; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/sbcdat.dbf
skipping datafile 16; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/sbcidx.dbf
skipping datafile 17; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/gszqdat.dbf
skipping datafile 18; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/gszqidx.dbf
skipping datafile 19; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/zginfo/ZG_INFO_SPACE.dbf
skipping datafile 20; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/businessdat.dbf
skipping datafile 21; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/businessidx.dbf
restore not done; all files read only, offline, or already restored
Finished restore at 19-DEC-18
Starting recover at 19-DEC-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 19-DEC-18
日誌目錄轉換
SQL> alter database rename file '/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' to '/u01/app/oradata/onlinelogs/redo01.log';
Database altered.
SQL>
SQL> alter database rename file '/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' to '/u01/app/oradata/onlinelogs/redo02.log';
Database altered.
SQL>
SQL> alter database rename file '/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' to '/u01/app/oradata/onlinelogs/redo03.log';
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open RESETLOGS;
alter database open RESETLOGS
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00392: log 1 of thread 1 is being cleared, operation not allowed
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oradata/onlinelogs/redo01.log'
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 1;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 2;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 3;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure
ORA-39700: database must be opened with UPGRADE option
Process ID: 4356
Session ID: 1144 Serial number: 3
--下面嘗試upgrade，因為當前基於一個11.2.0.1的備份恢復到11.2.0.4，所以需要upgrade
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Feb 24 16:03:15 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup upgrade;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size 2260088 bytes
Variable Size 704643976 bytes
Database Buffers 352321536 bytes
Redo Buffers 9711616 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql; --執行升級指令碼
注意
spfile 不存在
spfile 是例項啟動時必要的引數檔案，如果不存在，無法使用 startup nomount 啟動到 nomount 狀態。
如果沒有spfile，需要自己編輯一個pfile，然後啟動時使用：
RMAN> startup pfile='/tmp/initorcl.ora' nomount;
啟動完後建立spfile
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/tmp/initorcl.ora';
File created.
control 檔案trace出建立指令碼
control檔案不存在或者有問題時，資料庫無法 mount。
ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE;
執行完後可到系統 trace 日誌目錄下找到 alert_orcl.log，在裡面可看到trc檔案，trc檔案包含了建立control檔案的命令。
類似以下內容：
Backup controlfile written to trace file /u01/app/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_4146.trc
Completed: ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE
Wed Dec 19 12:09:15 2018
參考文章：