ORACLE 11G 中採用rman備份異機恢復資料庫詳細過程

場景：
有一個生產庫的使用者下面所有的表都不見了，懷疑人為被刪除了，現在需要用備份去恢復下，找出原來的表，線上是oracle dataguard環境，有全庫備份檔案，準備去測試庫恢復一下。

1，從生產庫上copy好全備份檔案
恢復資料庫需要準備的檔案：rman完整備份（包括資料檔案、日誌檔案、控制檔案、引數檔案），記錄源資料庫的DBID

安裝的測試資料庫ORACLE資料庫軟體並建立跟源資料庫同名和資料庫SID並修改資料庫DBID跟源資料庫DBID一樣，建立跟源資料庫伺服器相同的資料檔案目錄、日誌檔案目錄、控制檔案目錄。

檢視環境
1.1，檢視引數檔案資訊
RMAN> list backup of spfile;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
7 Full 1.05M DISK 00:00:01 30-JAN-15
BP Key: 7 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20150130T201758

Piece Name: /data/oracle/backup/data/2015-01-30/full_stuorcl_20150130_7.bak
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 30-JAN-15
SPFILE db_unique_name: stuorcl

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
11 Full 9.39M DISK 00:00:01 31-JAN-15

BP Key: 11 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150131T180139
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/stuorcl/backupset/2015_01_31/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150131T180139_bdsb18jn_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 31-JAN-15
SPFILE db_unique_name: stuorcl

1.2檢視控制檔案資訊：
RMAN> list backup of controlfile;

List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
7 Full 1.05M DISK 00:00:01 30-JAN-15
BP Key: 7 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20150130T201758
Piece Name: /data/oracle/backup/data/2015-01-30/full_stuorcl_20150130_7.bak
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1635989 Ckp time: 30-JAN-15

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
11 Full 9.39M DISK 00:00:01 31-JAN-15
BP Key: 11 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150131T180139
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/stuorcl/backupset/2015_01_31/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150131T180139_bdsb18jn_.bkp
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1758247 Ckp time: 31-JAN-15

1.3 檢視資料庫資訊：
RMAN> list backup of database;

List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
6 Full 270.16M DISK 00:00:56 30-JAN-15
BP Key: 6 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20150130T201758
Piece Name: /data/oracle/backup/data/2015-01-30/full_stuorcl_20150130_6.bak
List of Datafiles in backup set 6
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 1635573 30-JAN-15 /oracle/data_ora/stuorcl/system01.dbf
2 Full 1635573 30-JAN-15 /oracle/data_ora/stuorcl/sysaux01.dbf
3 Full 1635573 30-JAN-15 /oracle/data_ora/stuorcl/undotbs01.dbf
4 Full 1635573 30-JAN-15 /oracle/data_ora/stuorcl/users01.dbf
5 Full 1635573 30-JAN-15 /oracle/data_ora/stuorcl/SBXTAX01.dbf
6 Full 1635573 30-JAN-15 /oracle/data_ora/stuorcl/SMS01.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
10 Full 1.11G DISK 00:00:29 31-JAN-15
BP Key: 10 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150131T180139
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/stuorcl/backupset/2015_01_31/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150131T180139_bdsb04jz_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 10
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 1758077 31-JAN-15 /oracle/data_ora/stuorcl/system01.dbf
2 Full 1758077 31-JAN-15 /oracle/data_ora/stuorcl/sysaux01.dbf
3 Full 1758077 31-JAN-15 /oracle/data_ora/stuorcl/undotbs01.dbf
4 Full 1758077 31-JAN-15 /oracle/data_ora/stuorcl/users01.dbf
5 Full 1758077 31-JAN-15 /oracle/data_ora/stuorcl/SBXTAX01.dbf
6 Full 1758077 31-JAN-15 /oracle/data_ora/stuorcl/SMS01.dbf

1.4 檢視歸檔日誌資訊：
RMAN> list backup of archivelog all;

List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
8 1.26M DISK 00:00:00 30-JAN-15
BP Key: 8 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20150130T201906
Piece Name: /data/oracle/backup/data/2015-01-30/arch_stuorcl_20150130_8.bak

List of Archived Logs in backup set 8
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
1 104 1635562 30-JAN-15 1635995 30-JAN-15

BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
9 195.19M DISK 00:00:04 31-JAN-15
BP Key: 9 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150131T180132
Piece Name: /data/oracle/backup/data/ALL_0cpu493s_1_1.BKP

List of Archived Logs in backup set 9
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
1 105 1635995 30-JAN-15 1636013 30-JAN-15
1 106 1636013 30-JAN-15 1653304 30-JAN-15
1 107 1653304 30-JAN-15 1679217 31-JAN-15
1 108 1679217 31-JAN-15 1703168 31-JAN-15
1 109 1703168 31-JAN-15 1731695 31-JAN-15
1 110 1731695 31-JAN-15 1757189 31-JAN-15
1 111 1757189 31-JAN-15 1758005 31-JAN-15
1 112 1758005 31-JAN-15 1758039 31-JAN-15
1 113 1758039 31-JAN-15 1758055 31-JAN-15

BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
12 1.12M DISK 00:00:00 31-JAN-15
BP Key: 12 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150131T180218
Piece Name: /data/oracle/backup/data/ALL_0fpu495a_1_1.BKP

List of Archived Logs in backup set 12
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
1 114 1758055 31-JAN-15 1758252 31-JAN-15

RMAN>

2、開始恢復引數檔案控制檔案：
SQL> select dbid from v$database;

DBID
----------
3391761643

SQL>

2.1 設定DBID：
注意：在rman下即使沒有引數檔案，預設也會啟動一個DUMMY例項，以便能夠恢復引數檔案。
set dbid 3391761643

2.2 恢復spfile檔案
startup到open狀態，先檢視spfile檔案位置：
SQL> show parameter spfile;

NAME TYPE
------------------------------------ ----------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
spfile string
/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilestuorcl.ora
SQL>

shutdown後，再startup 到 nomount狀態
startup nomount再恢復
restore spfile to '/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilestuorcl.ora' from '/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/stuorcl/backupset/2015-01-27/full_stuorcl_20150127_3069.bak';

恢復報錯，去生產環境檢視備份資訊：
RMAN> show all;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name stuunq are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 15 DAYS;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/pddata2/oracle/backup/data/ctl_auto/%F';
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_stuorcl.f'; # default

RMAN>
有CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; 表示引數檔案和控制檔案有備份

restore spfile to '/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilestuorcl.ora' from '/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/stuorcl/backupset/2015-01-27/c-3391761643-20150127-03';
RMAN> restore spfile to '/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilestuorcl.ora' from '/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/stuorcl/backupset/2015-01-27/c-3391761643-20150127-03';

Starting restore at 02-FEB-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: no AUTOBACKUP in 7 days found
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 02/02/2015 11:36:30
RMAN-06172: no AUTOBACKUP found or specified handle is not a valid copy or piece
restore spfile to '/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilestuorcl.ora' from '/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/stuorcl/backupset/2015-01-27/c-3391761643-20150127-03' until time 'sysdate - 30'

RMAN> restore spfile to '/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilestuorcl.ora' from '/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/stuorcl/backupset/2015-01-27/c-3391761643-20150127-03' until time 'sysdate - 30';

Starting restore at 02-FEB-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/stuorcl/backupset/2015-01-27/c-3391761643-20150127-03
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 02-FEB-15

RMAN>
OK，成功了，引數檔案恢復成功。

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 15 DAYS;
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
這是兩個庫不一樣的地方

2.3,恢復控制檔案位置
檢視控制檔案位置
SQL> show parameter control

NAME TYPE

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