MySQL的安裝分為三種：
1、RPM包安裝；（MySQL-5.6.27-1.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm-bundle.tar）
2、二進位制包安裝；（mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-i686.tar.gz）
3、原始碼安裝。 （mysql-5.6.27.tar.gz）
原始碼編譯安裝，可以更靈活的調整引數，並且能夠在同一個伺服器上部署多個不同版本的MySQL資料庫系統。對於生產環境，就需要根據實際情況作選擇，對於需要大批量部署資料庫伺服器的環境，可以在一臺機器上原始碼編譯後，打包成RPM格式，而後其他伺服器直接使用這個定製化編譯過的版本進行快速安裝。
MySQL資料庫的原始碼安裝包從5.5版本開始，原始碼編譯配置工具換成了CMake。在編譯工程中還需要make和gcc兩個程式用於原始碼編譯。後兩者一般系統都會自帶，唯有CMake，如果當前系統配置了yum，那麼直接執行yum install cmake即可。如果當前系統既無yum也沒有cmake命令，那麼就需要先編譯安裝CMake。

##安裝CMake
[
 
[email protected] tmp]# ll cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5691656 12月 11 17:55 cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
[[email protected] tmp]# tar zxf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
[[email protected] tmp]# cd cmake-2.8.8
[[email protected] cmake-2.8.8]# ./configure 
---------------------------------------------
CMake 2.8.8, Copyright 2000-2011 Kitware, Inc.
---------------------------------------------
Error when bootstrapping CMake:
Cannot find appropriate C compiler on this system.       ##缺少gcc包
Please specify one using environment variable CC.
See cmake_bootstrap.log for compilers attempted.

---------------------------------------------
Log of errors: /tmp/cmake-2.8.8/Bootstrap.cmk/cmake_bootstrap.log
---------------------------------------------
[
 
[email protected] tmp]# rpm -qa | grep make     ##檢查發現make有了
make-3.81-20.el6.i686
[[email protected] tmp]# rpm -qa | grep gcc      ##檢查發現gcc缺少
libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6.i686
[[email protected] tmp]# yum install gcc         ##安裝
[[email protected] tmp]# yum install gcc-c++
[[email protected]
 
 tmp]# rpm -qa | grep gcc
gcc-c++-4.1.2-46.el5.i386
gcc-4.1.2-46.el5.i386
libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6.i686
[[email protected] cmake-2.8.8]# ./configure
[[email protected] cmake-2.8.8]# gmake && make install
[[email protected] cmake-2.8.8]# cmake      ##安裝完成後就多了個cmake命令
cmake version 2.8.8
Usage

  cmake [options] <path-to-source>
  cmake [options] <path-to-existing-build>
......

##新增使用者和組
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd mysql
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

##設定使用者作業系統資源的限制
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
mysql              soft    nproc   2047
mysql              hard    nproc   16384
mysql              soft    nofile  1024
mysql              hard    nofile  65536

##編譯mysql
[[email protected] tmp]# ll mysql-5.6.27.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 33327156 Dec 11 06:43 mysql-5.6.27.tar.gz
[[email protected] tmp]# tar zxf mysql-5.6.27.tar.gz 
[[email protected] tmp]# cd mysql-5.6.27
[[email protected] tmp]# ##執行cmake命令開始編譯
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \     ##軟體的安裝路徑
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \                              ##MySQL服務的預設字符集
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \                 ##MySQL服務的預設校隊規則
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \                                ##指定附加的字符集
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \                            ##是否允許客戶端本地載入資料到MySQL服務端
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \                    ##編譯INNODB儲存引擎
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \                      ##編譯MYISAM儲存引擎（MyISAM、MEMORY、MERGE、CSV這四種引擎預設就會編譯）
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \                   ##編譯BLACKHOLE儲存引擎
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \                     ##編譯ARCHIVE儲存引擎
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \                   ##編譯FEDERATED儲存引擎
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \                  ##不編譯EXAMPLE儲存引擎
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \                   ##支援分割槽
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \                  ##編譯PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA
-DCOMPILATION_COMMENT='ZSH for mysqltest' \           ##指定編譯資訊
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \                                   ##指定輸入輸出的處理方式（與能否輸入中文有關）
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \                               ##指定預設埠
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \                                  ##指定使用者為mysql
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/3306 \                          ##指定MySQL資料庫資料檔案的儲存路徑（等效於：datadir=/data/3306）
-DSYSCONFDIR=/data/3306 \                             ##指定MySQL引數檔案my.cnf的預設路徑（等效於：--defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf）
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/3306/mysql.sock               ##指定套接字檔案的儲存路徑（等效於：socket=/data/3306/mysql.sock）
##cmake命令執行成功的話，最後輸出資訊類似：
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /tmp/mysql-5.6.27
##如果編譯過程中出現錯誤，或者引數變更要重新配置，可以通過rm命令，刪除原始碼包目錄下的CMakeCache.txt檔案，而後重新執行cmake命令，或者乾脆將mysql原始碼目錄刪除，再重新解壓並進行編譯。
[[email protected] mysql-5.6.27]# make && make install      ##如果前面一步操作沒有碰到錯誤的話，原始碼編譯方式安裝mysql就成功了。
[[email protected] mysql-5.6.27]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql   ##將/usr/local/mysql目錄打包壓縮，得到的檔案就相當於是一套二進位制版本的MySQL了。
[[email protected] mysql-5.6.27]# vi /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

##建立資料目錄
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /data/3306
[[email protected] ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data

##初始化Mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/3306

##修改Mysql主配置檔案
[[email protected] mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf  /data/3306/my.cnf
[[email protected] 3306]# cd /data/3306/
[[email protected] 3306]# vi my.cnf 
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8

[mysqld]
port = 3306
user = mysql
socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock
pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/3306
log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin
lower_case_table_names=1
max_connections=1000
character_set_server=utf8
character_set_client=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

##為mysql提供服務指令碼
[[email protected] 3306]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server  /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

##啟動Mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.............................................[  OK  ]
[[email protected] mysql]# service mysqld status
MySQL running (28579)                                      [  OK  ]
[[email protected] mysql]# netstat -tulnp | grep mysql
tcp        0      0 :::3306                     :::*                        LISTEN      28579/mysqld  

##登入Mysql測試一下
[[email protected] 3306]# mysql -uroot -p      ##第一次登陸密碼為空
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.27-log ZSH for mysqltest      ##看見編譯資訊中的“ZSH for mysqltest”了嗎？

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test
Database changed
mysql> create table t1 (id int ,name varchar(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (4.90 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 values(1,'a'),(2,'b'),(3,'c');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (1.29 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | a    |
|    2 | b    |
|    3 | c    |
+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

##修改密碼，刪除空使用者（密碼為空）
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+----------+
| user | host      | password |
+------+-----------+----------+
| root | localhost |          |
| root | db        |          |
| root | 127.0.0.1 |          |
| root | ::1       |          |
|      | localhost |          |
|      | db        |          |
+------+-----------+----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update mysql.user set password = PASSWORD('123') where user = 'root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 4  Changed: 4  Warnings: 0

mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host      | password                                  |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root | db        | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root | ::1       | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
|      | localhost |                                           |
|      | db        |                                           |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user ''@localhost;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user ''@db;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host      | password                                  |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root | db        | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root | ::1       | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> update mysql.user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host      | password                                  |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | %         | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root | db        | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root | ::1       | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)