關於連結串列簡介、單鏈表、單向迴圈連結串列、JS中的使用以及擴充方法：  單鏈表、迴圈連結串列的JS實現

雙向連結串列：單向連結串列只能向著一個方向遍歷連結串列節點，而在節點指標域中增加了前向指標的雙向連結串列，則可以向著兩個方向遍歷節點。這使得雙向連結串列也可以在任何一個節點遍歷整個連結串列。

function DoublyLinkedList() {
	var Node = function(element) {
		this.element = element;
		this.next = null;
		this.prev = null;
	};

	var length = 0,
		head = null,
		tail = null;

	this.append = function(element){
		var node = Node(element),
		    current,
		    previous;
		
		if(!head){
			head = node;
			tail = node;
		}else{
			current = head;
			while(current){
				previous = current;
				current = current.next;
			}

			node.next = current;
			current.prev = node;
			previous.next = node;
			node.prev = previous;
		}

		length++;
		return true;
	}

	this.insert = function(position,element){
		if(position > -1 && position < length){
			var node = new Node(element),
			    current = head,
			    previous,
			    index = 0;

			if(position === 0){

				if(!head){
					head = node;
					tail = node;
				}else{
					node.next = current;
					current.prev = node;
					head = node;
				}

			}else if (position === length -1){
				current = tail;
				current.next = node;
				node.prev = current;
			}else {
				while(index++ < position){
					previous = current;
					current = current.next;
				}
				node.next = current;
				previous.next = node;
				current.prev = node;
				node.prev = previous;
			}

			length++;
			return true;
		}else{
			return false;
		}
	};

	this.removeAt = function(position){
		if(position > -1 && position < length){
			var current = head,
			    index = 0,
			    previous;

			if (position === 0) {
				head = current.next;

				if(length === 1){
					tail = null;
				}else{
					head.prev = null;
				}
			}else if(position === length - 1){
				current = tail;
				tail = current.prev;
				tail.next = null;
			} else{
				while(index++ < position){
					previous = current;
					current = current.next;
				}

				previous.next = current.next;
				current.next.prev = previous;
			};
			length-- ;

			return current.element;
		}else{
			return false;
		}
	};

	this.remove = function(element){
		var current = head,
		    previous;

		if(current.element === element){
			head = current.next;
		}
		previous = current;
		current = current.next;

		while(current){
			if (current.element = element) {
				previous.next = current.next;
				current.next.prev = previous;
			}else{
				previous = current;
				current = current.next;
			}
		}
		return false;
	};

	this.remove = function(){
		if (length === 0) {
			return false;
		};

		var current = head,
			previous;

		if(length === 1){
			head = null;
			tail = null;
			length--;
			return current.element;
		}

		while(current){
			previous = current;
			current = current.next;
		}

		previous.next = null;
		length--;
		return current.element;
	};

	this.indexOf = function(element){
		var current = head,
		    index = 0;

		while(current && index++ < length){
			if (current.element === element) {
				return index;
			};
			current = current.next;
		}

		return false;
	};

	this.isEmpty = function(){
		return length === 0;
	};

	this.size = function(){
		return length;
	};

	this.toString = function(){
		var current = head,
		    string = '';

		while(current){
			string += current.element;
			current = current.next;
		}
		return string;
	};

	this.getHead = function(){
		return head;
	};

	this.getTail = function(){
		return tail;
	};
}
 

雙向迴圈連結串列：將雙向連結串列的頭尾指標相連，就構成了雙向迴圈連結串列。這種連結串列從任意一個節點都可以同時向兩個方向進行節點遍歷，查詢節點的速度也是最快的。

/*雙向迴圈連結串列*/
function DoublyCircularLinkedList(){
	var Node = function(element){
		this.element = element;
		this.next = null;
		this.prev = null;
	};

	var length = 0,
		head = null,
		tail = null;

	this.append = function(element){
		var node = new Node(element),
		    current,
		    previous;

		if (!head) {
			head = node;
			tail = node;
			head.prev = tail;
			tail.next = head;
		}else{
			current = head;

			while(current.next !== head){
				previous = current;
				current = current.next;
			}

			current.next = node;
			node.next = head;
			node.prev = current;
		};

		length++;
		return true;
	};

	this.insert = function(position, element){
		if(position >= 0 && position <= length){
			var node = new Node(element),
			    index = 0,
			    current = head,
		            previous;

			if(position === 0){
				
				if(!head){

					node.next = node;
					node.tail = node;
					head = node;
					tail = node;

				}else{

					current.prev = node;
					node.next = current;
					head = node;
					node.prev = tail;

				}
				
			}else if(position === length){
				current = tail;

				current.next = node;
				node.prev = current;
				tail = node;
				node.next = head;
			}else{

				while(index++ < position){
					previous = current;
					current = current.next;
				}

				current.prev = node;
				node.next = current;
				previous.next = node;
				node.prev = previous;

			}

			length++;
			return true;
		}else{
			return false;
		}
	};

	this.removeAt = function(position){
		if(position > -1 && position < length){

			var current = head,
			    index = 0,
			    previous;

			if(position === 0){

				current.next.previous = tail;
				head = current.next;

			}else if(position === length - 1){

				current = tail;

				current.prev.next = head;
				head.prev = current.prev;
				tail = current.prev;
			}else{

				while(index++ < position){
					previous = current;
					current = current.next;
				}

				previous.next = current.next;
				current.next.prev = previous;

			}

			length--;
			return true;
		}else{
			return false;
		}
	};

	this.remove = function(element){
		var current = head,
		    previous,
		    indexCheck = 0;

		while(current && indexCheck < length){
			if(current.element === element){
				if(indexCheck === 0){
					current.next.prev = tail;
					head = current.next;
				}else{
					current.next.prev = previous;
					previous.next = current.next;
				}
				length--;
				return true;
			}

			previous = current;
			current = current.next;
			indexCheck++;
		}

		return false;
	};

	this.remove = function(){
		if(length === 0){
			return false;
		}

		var current = head,
			previous,
			indexCheck = 0;

		if(length === 1){
			head = null;
			tail = null;
			length--;
			return current.element;
		}

		while(indexCheck++ < length){
			previous = current;
			current = current.next;
		}

		previous.next = head;
		tail = previous.next;
		length--;
		return current.element;
	};

	this.indexOf = function(element){
		var current = head,
		    index = 0;

		while(current && index++ < length){
			if(current.element === element){
				return index;
			}
			current = current.next;
		}

		return false;
	};

	this.toString = function(){
		var current = head,
		    indexCheck = 0,
		    string = '';

		while(current && indexCheck < length){
			string += current.element;
			indexCheck++;
			current = current.next;
		}	

		return string;
	};

	this.isEmpty = function(){
		return length === 0;
	};

	this.getHead = function(){
		return head;
	};

	this.getTail = function(){
		return tail;
	};

	this.size = function(){
		return length;
	};
}