注意：1 注意模板的格式，宣告檔案和實現檔案都放在標頭檔案中，無法實現分離編譯；
2 學會過載運算子和友元函式使用

#ifndef MYSTACK_H
#define MYSTACK_H

template <typename T>
class MyStack
{
public:
    MyStack(){}
    MyStack(int size);      //分配棧空間
    ~MyStack();
    bool stackEmpty();
    bool stackFull();
    void clearStack();
    int
 
 stackLength();
    bool push(T elem);
    bool pop(T &elem);
    void stackTraverse();
private:
    T *m_pBuffer;   //棧空間指標
    int m_iSize;        //棧容量
    int m_iTop;         //棧頂，棧中元素個數

};

template<typename T>
MyStack<T>::MyStack(int size){
    m_iSize = size;
    m_iTop = 0;
    m_pBuffer = new
 
 T[size];
}

template<typename T>
MyStack<T>::~MyStack(){
    delete[] m_pBuffer;
    m_pBuffer = nullptr;
}

template<typename T>
bool MyStack<T>::stackEmpty(){
    if (0 == m_iTop)
        return true;
    return false;
}

template<typename T>
bool MyStack<T>::stackFull(){
    if
 
 (m_iTop == m_iSize)
        return true;
    return false;
}

template<typename T>
void MyStack<T>::clearStack(){
    m_iTop = 0;
}

template<typename T>
int MyStack<T>::stackLength(){
    return m_iTop;
}

template<typename T>
bool MyStack<T>::push(T elem){
    if (stackFull())
        return false;
    m_pBuffer[m_iTop++] = elem;
    return true;
}

template<typename T>
bool MyStack<T>::pop(T &elem){
    if (stackEmpty())
        return false;
    m_iTop--;
    elem = m_pBuffer[m_iTop];
    return true;
}

template<typename T>
void MyStack<T>::stackTraverse(){

    for (int i = 0; i < m_iTop; i++)
        cout << m_pBuffer[i];

}
#endif

#ifndef COORDINATE_H
#define COORDINATE_H
#include<ostream>
using namespace std;
class Coordinate
{
    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, Coordinate &coor);
public:
    Coordinate(){}
    Coordinate(int x, int y);
    void printCoordinate();

private:
    int m_iX;
    int m_iY;

};

#endif

#include"Coordinate.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
Coordinate::Coordinate(int x, int y) :m_iX(x), m_iY(y){

}

void Coordinate::printCoordinate(){
    cout << "(" << m_iX << "," << m_iY << ")" << endl;
}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, Coordinate &coor){
    out << "(" << coor.m_iX << "," << coor.m_iY << ")" << endl;
    return  out;
}

#include<iostream>
#include"MyStack.h"
#include"Coordinate.h"
using namespace std;
/*
    棧-類模板
    要求：
        將普通棧改造為類模板，使其可以適用於任何資料型別

    目的：靈活掌握棧機制，理解抽象資料型別在棧中的應用

*/
int main(){


    MyStack<Coordinate> *pStack = new MyStack<Coordinate>(4);

    pStack->push(Coordinate(1, 2));
    pStack->push(Coordinate(1, 3));

    pStack->stackTraverse();

    delete pStack;
    pStack = NULL;
    return 0;
}