1.簡單介紹

psutil是一個跨平臺的庫（http://code.google.com/p/psutil/），能夠輕松的實現獲取系統運行的進程和系統利用率（CPU、內存、磁盤、網絡等）信息。它主要應用於系統監控，分析和限制系統資源及進程的管理。能實現同等命令行工具提供的功能，如ps、top、lsof、netstat、ifconfig、who、df、kill、free、nice、ionice、iostat、iotop、uptime、pidof、tty、taskset、pmap等。

2.安裝

 pip3 install psutil

3.基本使用

3.1 cpu相關

In [1]: import psutil   
In [
 
2]: psutil.cpu_times()#使用cpu_times獲取cpu的完整信息
Out[2]: scputimes(user=769.84, nice=2.78, system=387.68, idle=83791.98, iowait=479.84, irq=0.0, softirq=0.81, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest_nice=0.0)
In [3]: psutil.cpu_count()#獲取cpu的邏輯個數
Out[3]: 1
In [4]: psutil.cpu_times_percent()#獲取cpu的所有邏輯信息
Out[4]: scputimes(user=0.7
 
, nice=0.0, system=0.5, idle=98.4, iowait=0.4, irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest_nice=0.0)

3.2內存相關

In [5]: psutil.virtual_memory()#獲取內存的所有信息
Out[5]: svmem(total=1041309696, available=697958400, percent=33.0, used=176611328, free=91947008, active=516075520, inactive=323096576, buffers=102719488, cached=670031872
 
, shared=12873728)
In [7]: psutil.virtual_memory().total
Out[7]: 1041309696
In [8]: psutil.virtual_memory().used
Out[8]: 176553984
In [9]: psutil.virtual_memory().free
Out[9]: 91901952
In [13]: psutil.swap_memory()#交換分區相關
Out[13]: sswap(total=0, used=0, free=0, percent=0, sin=0, sout=0)

3.3磁盤相關

In [14]: psutil.disk_partitions()#獲取磁盤的詳細信息
Out[14]: [sdiskpart(device=‘/dev/vda1‘, mountpoint=‘/‘, fstype=‘ext3‘, opts=‘rw,noatime,data=ordered‘)]
In [17]: psutil.disk_usage(‘/‘)#獲取分區的使用情況
Out[17]: sdiskusage(total=21002579968, used=2223321088, free=17705578496, percent=11.2)
In [18]: psutil.disk_io_counters()#獲取磁盤總的io個數，讀寫信息
Out[18]: sdiskio(read_count=25365, write_count=118754, read_bytes=391898112, write_bytes=3048738816, read_time=343585, write_time=10775463, read_merged_count=107, write_merged_count=583537, busy_time=623556)
補充說明下：
read_count(讀IO數)
write_count(寫IO數)
read_bytes(讀IO字節數)
write_bytes(寫IO字節數)
read_time(磁盤讀時間)
write_time(磁盤寫時間)

3.4網絡信息

In [19]: psutil.net_io_counters()#獲取網絡總信息
Out[19]: snetio(bytes_sent=24172706, bytes_recv=168785879, packets_sent=163657, packets_recv=442827, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)
In [20]: psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True)#獲取每個網絡接口的信息
Out[20]:
{‘eth0‘: snetio(bytes_sent=24177750, bytes_recv=168797166, packets_sent=163685, packets_recv=442948, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0),
‘lo‘: snetio(bytes_sent=0, bytes_recv=0, packets_sent=0, packets_recv=0, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)}

3.5其它信息

In [21]: psutil.users()#返回當前登錄系統的用戶信息
Out[21]: [suser(name=‘root‘, terminal=‘pts/0‘, host=‘X.X.X.X‘, started=1492844672.0)]
In [22]: psutil.boot_time()#獲取開機時間
Out[22]: 1492762895.0
In [23]: import datetime#轉換成你能看懂的時間
In [24]: datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
Out[24]: ‘2017-04-21 16:21:35‘

4.系統進程的管理方法

[root@VM_46_121_centos ~]# ps -ef | grep ipython#這裏首先我用ps獲取ipython進程號
root      2407  2365  0 16:50 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ipython
root     29735 26143  0 16:01 pts/0    00:00:07 /usr/local/bin/python3.5 /usr/local/bin/ipython
In [27]: psutil.Process(29735)
Out[27]: <psutil.Process(pid=29735, name=‘ipython‘) at 139986824457744>
In [28]: p=psutil.Process(29735)#實例化一個進程對象，參數為ipython這個進程的PID
In [29]: p.name()#獲得進程名
Out[29]: ‘ipython‘
In [31]: p.exe()#獲得進程的bin路徑
Out[31]: ‘/usr/local/bin/python3.5‘
In [32]: p.cwd()獲得進程工作目錄的絕對路徑
Out[32]: ‘/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/psutil-5.2.2-py3.5.egg-info‘
In [33]: p.status()#獲得進程狀態
Out[33]: ‘running‘
In [34]: p.create_time()#獲得進程創建的時間,時間戳格式
Out[34]: 1492848093.13
In [45]: datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(p.create_time()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
Out[45]: ‘2017-04-22 16:01:33‘
In [35]: p.uids()#獲取進程的uid信息
Out[35]: puids(real=0, effective=0, saved=0)
In [36]: p.gids()#獲取進程的gid信息
Out[36]: pgids(real=0, effective=0, saved=0)
In [37]: p.cpu_times()#獲取進程的cpu的時間信息
Out[37]: pcputimes(user=9.53, system=0.34, children_user=0.0, children_system=0.0)
In [38]: p.cpu_affinity()#獲取進程的cpu親和度
Out[38]: [0]
In [39]: p.memory_percent()#獲取進程的內存利用率
Out[39]: 6.187014703452833
In [40]: p.memory_info()#獲取進程的內存rss,vms信息
Out[40]: pmem(rss=64425984, vms=304410624, shared=4755456, text=2465792, lib=0, data=201437184, dirty=0)
In [41]: p.io_counters()#獲取進程的io信息
Out[41]: pio(read_count=6915, write_count=6246, read_bytes=73728, write_bytes=1658880, read_chars=9329720, write_chars=1797027)
In [43]: p.num_threads()獲取進程開啟的線程數
Out[43]: 1

popen類的使用:獲取用戶啟動的應用程序的進程信息
In [55]: from subprocess import PIPE                                                   
In [50]: p1=psutil.Popen(["/usr/bin/python","-c","print(‘hello‘)"], stdout=PIPE)
In [51]: p1.name()
Out[51]: ‘python‘
In [52]: p1.username()
Out[52]: ‘root‘
In [53]: p1.communicate()
Out[53]: (b‘hello\n‘, None)
In [54]: p.cpu_times()
Out[54]: pcputimes(user=13.11, system=0.52, children_user=0.01, children_system=0.0)

python之psutil模塊詳解（Linux）--小白博客