poj 3417 Network 樹上差分+LCA
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-12-11
題意:先給一棵具有n個節點的樹, 然後再給出m條邊, 問從樹上刪去一條邊, 再從m條邊中刪去一條邊, 把這個圖分成至少兩部分的方案數
做法:
我們知道再樹上每加一條邊樹上一定有環, 假設我們將在環上的樹邊的累加標記都加一, 表示被一條m中的邊所覆蓋, 然後我們在分析, 對於一顆樹我們刪去任意一條邊, 樹一定會被分成兩部分, 那麼如果被刪去的邊的累加標記>=2, 說明有>=2條m中的邊連線成環的樹邊中有它, 也就是樹分成的兩部分有至少2條邊還連線著, 這樣的話不管你怎麼選都不可能被劃分成兩部分, 方案數 + 0, 而被覆蓋了一次的了? 那就只能刪去讓它成環的那條邊, 方案數+1, 而覆蓋0次的最脆弱, 只要斷開它, 一定會有兩部分, 方案數 + m, 所以做一次樹上的差分就好了, 統計好每條邊被覆蓋的次數, 然後對應的累加答案即可
/// .-~~~~~~~~~-._ _.-~~~~~~~~~-. /// __.' ~. .~ `.__ /// .'// \./ \\`. /// .'// | \\`. /// .'// .-~"""""""~~~~-._ | _,-~~~~"""""""~-. \\`. /// .'//.-" `-. | .-' "-.\\`. /// .'//______.============-.. \ | / ..-============.______\\`. /// .'______________________________\|/______________________________`. //#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast") #pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:102400000,102400000") //#pragma GCC target(sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4,popcnt,abm,mmx) #include <vector> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <map> #include <stack> #include <cstring> #include <queue> #include <list> #include <stdio.h> #include <set> #include <algorithm> #include <cstdlib> #include <cmath> #include <iomanip> #include <cctype> #include <sstream> #include <functional> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #include <bitset> using namespace std; #define pi acos(-1) #define s_1(x) scanf("%d",&x) #define s_2(x,y) scanf("%d%d",&x,&y) #define s_3(x,y,z) scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z) #define s_4(x,y,z,X) scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z,&X) #define S_1(x) scan_d(x) #define S_2(x,y) scan_d(x),scan_d(y) #define S_3(x,y,z) scan_d(x),scan_d(y),scan_d(z) #define PI acos(-1) #define endl '\n' #define srand() srand(time(0)); #define me(x,y) memset(x,y,sizeof(x)); #define foreach(it,a) for(__typeof((a).begin()) it=(a).begin();it!=(a).end();it++) #define close() ios::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); #define FOR(x,n,i) for(int i=x;i<=n;i++) #define FOr(x,n,i) for(int i=x;i<n;i++) #define fOR(n,x,i) for(int i=n;i>=x;i--) #define fOr(n,x,i) for(int i=n;i>x;i--) #define W while #define sgn(x) ((x) < 0 ? -1 : (x) > 0) #define bug printf("***********\n"); #define db double #define ll long long #define mp make_pair #define pb push_back typedef long long LL; typedef pair <int, int> ii; const int INF=0x3f3f3f3f; const LL LINF=0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL; const int dx[]={-1,0,1,0,1,-1,-1,1}; const int dy[]={0,1,0,-1,-1,1,-1,1}; const int maxn=1e5+5; //const int maxx=1e6+10; const double EPS=1e-8; const double eps=1e-8; const int mod=1e9+7; template<class T>inline T min(T a,T b,T c) { return min(min(a,b),c);} template<class T>inline T max(T a,T b,T c) { return max(max(a,b),c);} template<class T>inline T min(T a,T b,T c,T d) { return min(min(a,b),min(c,d));} template<class T>inline T max(T a,T b,T c,T d) { return max(max(a,b),max(c,d));} template <class T> inline bool scan_d(T &ret){char c;int sgn;if (c = getchar(), c == EOF){return 0;} while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9')){c = getchar();}sgn = (c == '-') ? -1 : 1;ret = (c == '-') ? 0 : (c - '0'); while (c = getchar(), c >= '0' && c <= '9'){ret = ret * 10 + (c - '0');}ret *= sgn;return 1;} inline bool scan_lf(double &num){char in;double Dec=0.1;bool IsN=false,IsD=false;in=getchar();if(in==EOF) return false; while(in!='-'&&in!='.'&&(in<'0'||in>'9'))in=getchar();if(in=='-'){IsN=true;num=0;}else if(in=='.'){IsD=true;num=0;} else num=in-'0';if(!IsD){while(in=getchar(),in>='0'&&in<='9'){num*=10;num+=in-'0';}} if(in!='.'){if(IsN) num=-num;return true;}else{while(in=getchar(),in>='0'&&in<='9'){num+=Dec*(in-'0');Dec*=0.1;}} if(IsN) num=-num;return true;} void Out(LL a){if(a < 0) { putchar('-'); a = -a; }if(a >= 10) Out(a / 10);putchar(a % 10 + '0');} void print(LL a){ Out(a),puts("");} //freopen( "in.txt" , "r" , stdin ); //freopen( "data.txt" , "w" , stdout ); //cerr << "run time is " << clock() << endl; int up[maxn][23]; //maxx[maxn][23]; int dep[maxn], dis[maxn]; int cnt, head[maxn]; int dp[maxn]; struct node { int to, next, w; }e[maxn<<1]; void init() { me(head,-1); me(dis,0); me(up,0); me(dep,0); cnt = 0; //me(maxx, 0); } void add(int u, int v, int w) { e[cnt] = node{v, head[u], w}; head[u] = cnt++; } void dfs(int u,int fa,int d) { dep[u] = d + 1; for(int i = 1 ; i < 20 ; i ++) { up[u][i] = up[up[u][i-1]][i-1]; //maxx[u][i] = max(maxx[up[u][i-1]][i-1], maxx[u][i-1]); } for(int i = head[u] ; ~i ; i = e[i].next) { int to = e[i].to; if(to == fa) continue; dis[to] = dis[u] + e[i].w; up[to][0] = u; //maxx[to][0] = e[i].w; dfs(to, u, d+1); } } int LCA_BZ(int u,int v) { int mx = 0; if(dep[u] < dep[v]) swap(u,v); int k = dep[u] - dep[v]; for(int i = 19 ; i >= 0 ; i --) { if((1<<i) & k) { // mx = max(mx, maxx[u][i]); u = up[u][i]; } } if(u == v) return u; for(int i = 19 ; i >= 0 ; i --) { if(up[u][i] != up[v][i]){ // mx = max(mx, maxx[u][i]); // mx = max(mx, maxx[v][i]); u = up[u][i]; v = up[v][i]; } } // return max(mx, max(maxx[u][0], maxx[v][0])); return up[u][0]; } void dfs1(int u,int fa) { for(int i=head[u];~i;i=e[i].next) { int v=e[i].to; if(v==fa) continue; dfs1(v,u); dp[u]+=dp[v]; } } int n,m; void solve() { W(s_2(n,m)!=EOF) { init(); me(dp,0); FOr(1,n,i) { int x,y; s_2(x,y); add(x,y,1); add(y,x,1); } dfs(1,-1,0); FOR(1,m,i) { int x,y; s_2(x,y); dp[x]++; dp[y]++; dp[LCA_BZ(x,y)]-=2; } dfs1(1,-1); LL ans=0; FOR(2,n,i) { if(dp[i]==0) { ans+=m; } if(dp[i]==1) { ans+=1; } } print(ans); } } int main() { //freopen( "1.in" , "r" , stdin ); //freopen( "1.out" , "w" , stdout ); int t=1; //init(); //s_1(t); for(int cas=1;cas<=t;cas++) { //printf("Case #%d: ",cas); solve(); } }