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LeetCode 283 Move Zeroes(移動所有的零元素)

翻譯

給定一個數字陣列,寫一個方法將所有的“0”移動到陣列尾部,同時保持其餘非零元素的相對位置不變。

例如,給定nums = [0, 1, 0, 3, 12],在呼叫你的函式之後,nums應該變為[1, 3, 12, 0, 0]。

備註:
你必須就地完成,不得複製該陣列。
最小化總共的運算元。
Given an array nums, write a function to move all 0's to the end of it while maintaining the relative order of the non-zero elements.

For example, given
nums = [0, 1, 0, 3, 12], after calling your function, nums should be [1, 3, 12, 0, 0]. Note: You must do this in-place without making a copy of the array. Minimize the total number of operations.

分析

一開始我還以為是要給非零元素排序呢,後來仔細一看只是保持相對位置不變就好了。那就容易很多了呀。

0 1 0 3 12 (index = 0, current = 0)
1 0 0 3 12 (index = 1
, current = 1)
1 0 0 3 12 (index = 1, current = 2) 1 3 0 0 12 (index = 2, current = 3) 1 3 12 0 0 (index = 3, current = 4)

按上面的步驟來,當前的數字是0的話不做操作,非零的話將其與第一個零互換位置。

其核心在於這個第一個零的位置是如何變化的,即便一開始不是0也沒關係,大不了讓這個非零數和自己交換位置唄,比如說:

1 2 0 3 12 (index = 0, current = 0)
1 2 0 3 12 (index = 1, current = 1)
1 2 0 3 12 (index = 2
, current = 2)
1 2 3 0 12 (index = 3, current = 3) 1 2 3 12 0 (index = 4, current = 4)

翻譯成程式碼就是:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

void moveZeroes(vector<int>& nums) {
    for (int index = 0, current = 0; current < nums.size(); current++) {
        if (nums[current] != 0)
            swap(nums[index++], nums[current]);
    }
}

int main() {
    vector<int> v;
    v.push_back(1);
    v.push_back(2);
    v.push_back(0);
    v.push_back(3);
    v.push_back(12);

    moveZeroes(v);

    for (auto i : v) {
        cout << i << " ";
    }
    return 0;
}

程式碼

class Solution {
public:
    void moveZeroes(vector<int>& nums) {
        for (int index = 0, current = 0; current < nums.size(); current++) {
            if (nums[current] != 0)
                swap(nums[index++], nums[current]);
        }
    }
};