C++ Primer 學習中。

。。

簡單記錄下我的學習過程 (代碼為主)

//全部容器適用(O(log(n))) 已序區間查找算法

lower_bound() //找第一個符合的元素，返回位置叠代器

upper_bound() //找最後一個符合的元素。返回位置叠代器

equal_range() //找一對叠代器pair(<>,<>)

關聯式容器有等效的成員函數。性能更佳

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

/*************************************************************************************
std::lower_bound                 全部排序容器適用                           algorithm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
  ForwardIterator lower_bound ( ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                                const T& value );

template <class ForwardIterator, class T, class Compare>
  ForwardIterator lower_bound ( ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                                const T& value, Compare comp );

//eg：
template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
  ForwardIterator lower_bound ( ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value )
{
  ForwardIterator it;
  iterator_traits<ForwardIterator>::difference_type count, step;
  count = distance(first,last);
  while (count>0)
  {
    it = first; step=count/2; advance (it,step);
    if (*it<value)          // or: if (comp(*it,value)), for the comp version
      { first=++it; count-=step+1;  }
    else count=step;
  }
  return first;
}
*************************************************************************************/


/*************************************************************************************
std::upper_bound                  全部排序容器適用                           algorithm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
  ForwardIterator upper_bound ( ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                                const T& value );

template <class ForwardIterator, class T, class Compare>
  ForwardIterator upper_bound ( ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                                const T& value, Compare comp );

//eg：
template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
  ForwardIterator upper_bound ( ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value )
{
  ForwardIterator it;
  iterator_traits<ForwardIterator>::difference_type count, step;
  count = distance(first,last);
  while (count>0)
  {
    it = first; step=count/2; advance (it,step);
    if (!(value<*it))                 // or: if (!comp(value,*it)), for the comp version
      { first=++it; count-=step+1;  }
    else count=step;
  }
  return first;
}
*************************************************************************************/

/*************************************************************************************
std::equal_range                  全部排序容器適用                           algorithm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
  pair<ForwardIterator,ForwardIterator>
    equal_range ( ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value );

template <class ForwardIterator, class T, class Compare>
  pair<ForwardIterator,ForwardIterator>
    equal_range ( ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value,
                  Compare comp );

//eg：
template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
  pair<ForwardIterator,ForwardIterator>
    equal_range ( ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value )
{
  ForwardIterator it = lower_bound (first,last,value);
  return make_pair ( it, upper_bound(it,last,value) );
}
*************************************************************************************/
bool mygreater (int i,int j){ return (i>j); }

int main()
{
    int myints[] = {10,20,30,30,20,10,10,20};
    vector<int> v(myints,myints+8);           // 10 20 30 30 20 10 10 20
    vector<int>::iterator low,up;

    sort (v.begin(), v.end());                // 10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30

    cout<<"10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30\n";

    low=lower_bound (v.begin(), v.end(), 20); //          ^
    up= upper_bound (v.begin(), v.end(), 20); //                   ^

    cout << "20 lower_bound at position " << int(low- v.begin()) + 1 << endl;
    cout << "20 upper_bound at position " << int(up - v.begin()) + 1 << endl;

    cout << endl;

    /**-------------------------------------------------------------------------------**/

    pair<vector<int>::iterator,vector<int>::iterator> bounds;

    // using default comparison:
//  sort (v.begin(), v.end());                              // 10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30
    bounds=equal_range (v.begin(), v.end(), 20);            //          ^        ^
    cout<<"10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30\n";
    cout << "20 bounds at positions " << int(bounds.first - v.begin());
    cout << " and " << int(bounds.second - v.begin()) << endl;

    // using "mygreater" as comp:
    sort (v.begin(), v.end(), mygreater);                   // 30 30 20 20 20 10 10 10
    bounds=equal_range (v.begin(), v.end(), 20, mygreater); //       ^        ^

    cout<<endl<<"30 30 20 20 20 10 10 10"<<endl;

    cout << "20 bounds at positions " << int(bounds.first - v.begin());
    cout << " and " << int(bounds.second - v.begin()) << endl;

    return 0;
}

/******
Output:
    10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30
    20 lower_bound at position 4
    20 upper_bound at position 7

    10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30
    bounds at positions 3 and 6

    30 30 20 20 20 10 10 10
    bounds at positions 2 and 5

*/

STL_算法_查找算法(lower_bound、upper_bound、equal_range)