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codeforces

luogu

題目描述

Nick has n bottles of soda left after his birthday. Each bottle is described by two values: remaining amount of soda ai and bottle volume bi (ai?≤?bi).

Nick has decided to pour all remaining soda into minimal number of bottles, moreover he has to do it as soon as possible. Nick spends x seconds to pour x units of soda from one bottle to another.

Nick asks you to help him to determine k — the minimal number of bottles to store all remaining soda and t — the minimal time to pour soda into k bottles. A bottle can‘t store more soda than its volume. All remaining soda should be saved.

思路

　　首先發現最開始的一步肯定是貪心，按容量sort一遍可以得到第一個答案，然後稍微轉化一下題意，就可以發現，轉化後的提議是這個樣子：從n個瓶子裏面選出num個，使得這num個瓶子的容積之和要大於水的體積，並且當時間最短時，一定有這num個瓶子裏的水體積和最大，就可以發現是一個01背包問題。

　　dp[i][j]表示選了i個瓶子，一共的容積為j的時候，這i個瓶子裏水的最大值。由此可得dp方程

　　　　　　　　　　　　dp[j][k]=max(dp[j][k],dp[j-1][k-b[i].v]+b[i].r);

小細節

　　差點被坑死在這裏，按照容量枚舉k的時候一定要倒著枚舉，不然就成完全背包了2333333。

　　而且要註意枚舉的順序，最外層枚舉的是選第i個，然後枚舉容量，然後在枚舉選了多少個，這樣可以保證一個瓶子只選一次，不然會掛得很慘qwq

代碼

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include
 
<algorithm>
using namespace std;
struct nod{
    int r;
    int v;
};
nod b[105];
inline int cmp(nod x,nod y){
    return x.v>y.v;
}
int dp[105][20000];
int main(){
    int n;
    cin>>n;
    int rest=0;
    for(register int i=1;i<=n;i++){
        cin>>b[i].r;
        rest+=b[i].r;
    }
    for(register int i=1;i<=n;i++){
        cin>>b[i].v;
    }
    sort(b+1,b+n+1,cmp);  
    memset(dp,-1,sizeof(dp)); dp[0][0]=0;
    int num=-1,tot=0;
    for(register int i=1;i<=n;i++){
        tot+=b[i].v;
        if(tot>=rest&&num==-1)num=i;
    }
    cout<<num<<endl;
    for(register int i=1;i<=n;i++){ //xuan di ji ge
        for(register int k=tot;k>=b[i].v;k--){
            for(register int j=1;j<=num;j++){  //xuan le ji ge
                if(dp[j-1][k-b[i].v]!=-1){
                    dp[j][k]=max(dp[j][k],dp[j-1][k-b[i].v]+b[i].r);
                    //cout<<dp[j-1][k-b[i].v]<<‘ ‘<<b[i].r<<endl;
                    //cout<<i<<‘ ‘<<j<<‘ ‘<<k<<endl<<endl;
                }
            }
        }   
    }
    // while(1){
    //     int x,y;
    //     cin>>x>>y;
    //     cout<<dp[x][y]<<endl;
    // }
    int ans=-1;
    for(register int i=rest;i<=tot;i++){
        ans=max(ans,dp[num][i]);
    }
    //cout<<tot<<endl;
    cout<<rest-ans<<endl;
}

【CodeForces】 730J Bottles