1. 程式人生 > >簡單高精度乘法與簡單高精度快速冪

簡單高精度乘法與簡單高精度快速冪

乘法運算時,m位數和n位數相乘只會產生m+n-1或m+n位數:
10*100=1000結果為4位
99*999=98901結果為5位
以上是一個例子。
第i與第j位數相乘的時候會存在i+j-1位上,注意對超過10的數及時進位,否則會產生非常大量的數值運算,有可能導致資料溢位。

以下是程式碼:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
#define MAXN 50001
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    void init (int x[], char
str[], int len); void multiply (int a[], int b[], int la, int lb); int la, lb; int a[MAXN] = {0}, b[MAXN] = {0}; char stra[MAXN] = {0}, strb[MAXN] = {0}; cin >> stra >> strb; la = strlen (stra); lb = strlen (strb); if ((la == 1 && stra[0] == '0') || (lb == 1
&& strb[0] == '0')) printf ("0\n"); else { init (a, stra, la); init (b, strb, lb); multiply (a, b, la, lb); } return 0; } void init (int x[], char str[], int len) { int i; for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { x[len-1-i] = str[i] - '0'
; } } void multiply (int a[], int b[], int la, int lb) { int c[MAXN] = {0}, len, i, j, k, maxlen; maxlen = la + lb; for (i = 0; i <lb; i++) { for (j = 0; j <la; j++) { c[i+j] += b[i] * a[j]; } for (k = 0; k < maxlen; k++) { if (c[k] >= 10) { c[k+1] += c[k]/10; c[k] %= 10; } } } for (i = k; c[i] == 0; i--) ; len = i + 1; for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) printf ("%d", c[i]); printf ("\n"); }

快速冪運算時,基本原理是和普通快速求冪相同,只是連續呼叫了乘法。
這裡是三個陣列:a是用來乘方的陣列,b是需要相乘存留最後乘積的陣列,c是存放陣列,因此使用了指標。

直接程式碼:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
#define MAXN 50001
using namespace std;

int a[MAXN], b[MAXN], c[MAXN];
int len_a, d, *pa, *pb, *pc, len_b, len;

int main()
{
    void init (int x[], char str[], int len);
    int mul();
    int power();
    char s[MAXN];
    int i, j;
    cin >> s >> d;
    len = strlen (s);
    init (a, s, len);
    len_a = len;
    pa = a;
    pb = b;
    pc = c;
    pb[0] = 1;
    len_b = 1;
    while (d > 0)
    {
        if (d&1 == 1)
        {
            mul();
        }
        power();
        d >>= 1;
    }
    for (i = len_b - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        printf ("%d", pb[i]);
    }
    printf ("\n");

    return 0;
}

void init (int x[], char str[], int l)
{
    int i = 0;
    for (i; i < l; i++)
    {
        x[l-i-1] = str[i] - '0';
    }
}

int mul()
{
    int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < len_a + len_b; i++)
    {
        pc[i] = 0;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < len_a; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < len_b; j++)
        {
            pc[i + j] += pa[i] * pb[j];
        }
    }
    for (i = 0; i < len_a + len_b; i++)
    {
        if (pc[i] > 9)
        {
            pc[i+1] += pc[i]/10;
            pc[i] %= 10;
        }
    }
    if (pc[len_a + len_b - 1] > 0)
    {
        len_b = len_a + len_b;
    }
    else
    {
        len_b = len_a + len_b - 1;
    }
    int *change;
    change = pb;
    pb = pc;
    pc = change;
}

int power()
{
    int i, j, r = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < len_a * 2; i++)
    {
        pc[i] = 0;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < len_a; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < len_a; j++)
        {
            pc[i+j] += (pa[i]) * (pa[j]);
        }
    }
    for (i = 0; i <= len_a*2 - 1 ; i++)
    {
        if (pc[i] > 9)
        {
            pc[i+1] += pc[i]/10;
            pc[i] %= 10;
        }
    }
    if (pc[len_a*2 -1] > 0)
    {
        len_a *= 2;
    }
    else
    {
        len_a = 2*len_a - 1;
    }
    int *change;
    change = pa;
    pa = pc;
    pc = change;
}